An apparatus for supplying breathing air to a person includes a rebreathing system arranged in the air supply circuit, which removes CO.sub.2 at least in part present in the person's expiration air with a CO.sub.2 absorber, and treats the expiration air to supply treated air to the person again as inhalation air. The apparatus includes a condensate collection container (9) collecting water forming in the air supply circuit. The condensate collection container (9) is arranged at least in part below a reaction zone (17) of the CO.sub.2 absorber (1). At least one heat exchanger (10, 14) is provided in the CO.sub.2 absorber, via which heat from the air, which flows through the CO.sub.2 absorber and is heated as a result of the exothermic CO.sub.2 absorption reaction occurring in the reaction zone of the CO.sub.2 absorber, is dissipated.

An apparatus for supplying breathing air to a person includes a rebreathing system arranged in the air supply circuit, which removes CO.sub.2 at least in part present in the person's expiration air with a CO.sub.2 absorber, and treats the expiration air to supply treated air to the person again as inhalation air. The apparatus includes a condensate collection container (9) collecting water forming in the air supply circuit. The condensate collection container (9) is arranged at least in part below a reaction zone (17) of the CO.sub.2 absorber (1). At least one heat exchanger (10, 14) is provided in the CO.sub.2 absorber, via which heat from the air, which flows through the CO.sub.2 absorber and is heated as a result of the exothermic CO.sub.2 absorption reaction occurring in the reaction zone of the CO.sub.2 absorber, is dissipated.

Anesthesia apparatus adapted for operating in one of a gas-dispensing mode and a gas-less simulation mode, and method of operating the anesthesia apparatus. A mode selection command is received from an input/output unit of the anesthesia apparatus. A control unit of the anesthesia apparatus selects one of a gas-dispensing mode and a gas-less simulation mode based on the received mode selection command. At least one gas control parameter is received from the input/output unit. When the gas-dispensing mode is selected, the control unit actuates gas dispensing means of the anesthesia apparatus based on the received at least one gas control parameter. When the gas-less simulation mode is selected, the control unit prevents actuation of the gas dispensing means, and transmits the at least one gas control parameter to a patient simulation system via a communication interface of the input/output unit.

Anesthesia apparatus adapted for operating in one of a gas-dispensing mode and a gas-less simulation mode, and method of operating the anesthesia apparatus. A mode selection command is received from an input/output unit of the anesthesia apparatus. A control unit of the anesthesia apparatus selects one of a gas-dispensing mode and a gas-less simulation mode based on the received mode selection command. At least one gas control parameter is received from the input/output unit. When the gas-dispensing mode is selected, the control unit actuates gas dispensing means of the anesthesia apparatus based on the received at least one gas control parameter. When the gas-less simulation mode is selected, the control unit prevents actuation of the gas dispensing means, and transmits the at least one gas control parameter to a patient simulation system via a communication interface of the input/output unit.

Patient simulation system adapted for interacting with a medical apparatus, and method for operating the patient simulation system. A processing unit of the patient simulation system stores at least one physiological model of a patient in a memory of the patient simulation system. The processing unit receives at least one gas control parameter from the medical apparatus via a communication interface of the patient simulation system. The processing unit correlates the at least one gas control parameter with one of the at least one physiological model of a patient to generate simulated physiological effects. The processing unit further transmits the simulated physiological effects to the medical apparatus via the communication interface. In a particular aspect, the medical apparatus consists of an anesthesia apparatus.

A small animal anesthesia system is provided, including a compressor, an anesthetizing gas generator and an anesthesia platform. The compressor has a first outlet and a first intake. The anesthetizing gas generator has a second outlet and a second intake. The first outlet of the compressor is connected to the second intake of the anesthetizing gas generator to supply gas, so that an anesthetizing gas is generated. The anesthesia platform includes a bearing plate, an anesthetic mask and a first anesthesia chamber. The anesthetic mask is configured to cover the face of the small animal, and connected to the second outlet of the anesthetizing gas generator, such that the small animal is anesthetized by the anesthetizing gas generated by the anesthetizing gas generator. The first anesthesia chamber is disposed on the bearing plate, and connected to the first intake of the compressor to recycle the anesthetizing gas.

An inhalation mask assembly includes a cup shaped first body and a cup shaped second body. The first body is receivable against a facial area for enclosing a respiratory organ, and includes first inhalation members, and an exhalation valve assembly at a frontal midpoint of the first body between the first inhalation members. The second body includes exhalation members and second inhalation members. The first body is nested in the second body, and the first inhalation members of the first body are coupled gaseously to the respective second inhalation members. The first inhalation members are for administering respirable gas into the first body from the respective second inhalation members, the exhalation valve assembly is for exhausting exhaust gas from the first body into a scavenger chamber formed between the first body and the second body, and the exhalation members are for exhausting the exhaust gas from the scavenger chamber.

An inhalation mask assembly includes a cup shaped first body and a cup shaped second body. The first body is receivable against a facial area for enclosing a respiratory organ, and includes first inhalation members, and an exhalation valve assembly at a frontal midpoint of the first body between the first inhalation members. The second body includes exhalation members and second inhalation members. The first body is nested in the second body, and the first inhalation members of the first body are coupled gaseously to the respective second inhalation members. The first inhalation members are for administering respirable gas into the first body from the respective second inhalation members, the exhalation valve assembly is for exhausting exhaust gas from the first body into a scavenger chamber formed between the first body and the second body, and the exhalation members are for exhausting the exhaust gas from the scavenger chamber.

Systems and method are provided for monitoring a patient during surgery. An anesthetic machine includes a ventilator configured to provide breathable gas to a patient, an oxygen concentration sensor configured to monitor the concentration of oxygen in gas inhaled and exhaled by the patient, and a respiratory monitor configured to monitor a respiratory rate and a tidal volume of the patient. An uptake rate estimator is configured to estimate a pulmonary oxygen uptake rate (ViO2) for the patient from the concentration of oxygen in gas inhaled and exhaled by the patient and a minute volume of the patient. A risk score calculator is configured to determine a risk score for the patient at each interval as a function of the estimated ViO2 value. An output device is configured to provide the determined risk score to a human operator.

Systems and method are provided for monitoring a patient during surgery. An anesthetic machine includes a ventilator configured to provide breathable gas to a patient, an oxygen concentration sensor configured to monitor the concentration of oxygen in gas inhaled and exhaled by the patient, and a respiratory monitor configured to monitor a respiratory rate and a tidal volume of the patient. An uptake rate estimator is configured to estimate a pulmonary oxygen uptake rate (ViO2) for the patient from the concentration of oxygen in gas inhaled and exhaled by the patient and a minute volume of the patient. A risk score calculator is configured to determine a risk score for the patient at each interval as a function of the estimated ViO2 value. An output device is configured to provide the determined risk score to a human operator.