A rubber tube has an inner surface at least partly roughed so that the ratio (Rz/D) of the maximum height Rz of the inner surface to the inner diameter D of the tube is not less than 0.038. The ratio (Rp/D) of the maximum peak height Rp of the inner surface to the inner diameter D of the tube may be not less than 0.019. The ratio (Rv/D) of the maximum valley depth Rv of the inner surface to the inner diameter D of the tube may be not less than 0.019. The ratio (Ra/D) of the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the inner surface to the inner diameter D of the tube may be not less than 0.0036. The ratio (Rq/D) of the root mean square height Rq of the inner surface to the inner diameter D of the tube maybe not less than 0.0046. Thus, the rubber tube has a reduced adhesiveness.

In an injection molded product of the invention, an unevenness forming portion having unevenness formed by thermal expansion of thermally expandable capsules is formed. The injection molded product includes a highly expanded portion that is formed at a surface side of the unevenness forming portion in a thickness direction of the injection molded product and in which the thermally expandable capsules are thermally expanded, and a main body portion that is a portion adjacent to the highly expanded portion in the thickness direction and in which the thermally expandable capsules are substantially not thermally expanded. The thickness of the highly expanded portion is a half or smaller than the thickness of the injection molded product in the unevenness forming portion, and a polymer material of the highly expanded portion and a polymer material of the main body portion are the same polymer material.

To provide a method for manufacturing an optical element, which improves the surface precision of the optical surface as well as reducing the birefringence at a low cost. A method for manufacturing an optical element 1090A having optical surfaces 1091 and 1092 and a non-optical surface 1093A that is adjacent to the optical surface 1092 via a ridge by injection molding includes forming the non-optical surface 1093A with a mold surface. The mold surface includes a sink forming area 1095 as a first area having a first surface roughness, and a high transfer area 1094 as a second area having a second surface roughness different from the first surface roughness. The second area is located outside the first area.

Provided is a tube comprising a tetrafluoroethylene/fluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, wherein the tube inner surface has a surface roughness Ra of 5 nm or less measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) with an evaluation length set to 3 μm, and the tube has an amount of metals eluted from the tube inner surface of 0.30 ng/cm.sup.2 or less.

A method of manufacturing a polyolefin foam sheet composition includes extruding a polyolefin sheet, irradiating the extruded sheet to obtain a physically crosslinked sheet, foaming the physically crosslinked sheet with heat to obtain a foamed layer, and skiving the foamed layer to obtain a foam sheet with at least one skived surface. The surface roughness of the skived surface of the foam sheet is different from the surface roughness of an unskived surface.

A composite preform including a preform and a plastic member in close contact with the outer surface of the preform is made by preparing the preform made of plastic material and arranging the plastic member to surround the outer surface of the preform. Subsequently, the composite preform is heated and inserted in a blow molding die and undergoes blow molding in the blow molding die, by which the preform and the plastic member of the composite preform are inflated integrally and a composite container is obtained.

The invention describes an extrudable coating composition including a coating thermoplastic polymer and particles, wherein the particles are made from a particle material that has a modulus of compression from 0.1 to 100 MPa. The invention further describes a coating on at least a part of the surface of an article, the coating including a coating thermoplastic polymer and particles, wherein the particles are made from a particle material that has a modulus of compression from 0.1 to 100 MPa and that at least a part of the particles protrude from the surface of the coating. The invention also describes a coated article, in particular an imitation branch, a method of coating an article, and the use of particles made from a particle material with a compression modulus of 0.1 to 100 MPa in a coating composition for the coating of articles.

A method for producing a plastic element provided with fine surface roughness is provided. In the method, etching of a surface of the plastic element is performed separately in a first step and in a second step, in the first step, fine roughness having a predetermined average value of pitch in the range from 0.05 to 1 micrometer is generated on the surface through reactive ion etching in an atmosphere of a first gas; and in the second step, an average value of depth of the fine roughness generated in the first step is adjusted to a predetermined value in the range from 0.15 to 1.5 micrometers while the predetermined average value of pitch is substantially maintained through reactive ion etching in an atmosphere of a second gas, reactivity to the plastic element of the second gas being lower than reactivity to the plastic element of the first gas.

A method for producing a reinforcing bar by pultrusion, the method comprising the steps of: a) providing a source of fibres; b) assembling the fibres into a bundle; c) impregnating the bundle with a thermosetting resin; d) eliminating excess resin from the bundle; e) compressing the bundle in a centripetal manner; f) exposing the bundle to a radiant energy source; g) spraying particles onto a surface of the bundle; and h) exposing the bundle to radiation in order to initiate, on the surface of same, the polymerisation of the resin. The present invention also concerns a system provided with corresponding devices in order to be able to implement the method. The present invention also concerns a reinforcing bar obtained with the described method and/or system.

A thermoformable nonwoven composite containing a nonwoven layer which contains a plurality of first staple fibers, a plurality of first binder fibers having a first melting point, and a plurality of second binder fibers having a second melting point, wherein the first staple fibers, first binder fibers, and second binder fibers intertwine and cross at crossover points. The difference first melting point and the second melting point differ by at least about 15° C., and at least 95% by weight of all of the fibers in the nonwoven layer are polyester. The thermoformable nonwoven composite also contains a first resin formulation containing a first resin. The first resin is located within the nonwoven and located in at least a portion of the crossover points. The first staple fibers, the first and second binder fibers, and the first resin all contain a polymer from the same chemical class.