A method for estimating an inhale dose when a drug is delivered to a person using an inhaler is disclosed. A predicted inhale dose (PID) of the drug is estimated based on at least one first-type parameter and at least one second-type parameter. The first-type parameter is related to a breath pattern of the person, and the second-type parameter is related to the inhaler.

Apparatus and methods for delivering humidified breathing gas to a patient are provided. The apparatus includes a humidification system configured to deliver humidified breathing gas to a patient. The humidification system includes a vapor transfer unit and a base unit. The vapor transfer unit includes a liquid passage, a breathing gas passage, and a vapor transfer device positioned to transfer vapor to the breathing gas passage from the liquid passage. The base unit includes a base unit that releasably engages the vapor transfer unit to enable reuse of the base unit and selective disposal of the vapor transfer unit. The liquid passage is not coupled to the base unit for liquid flow therebetween when the vapor transfer unit is received by the base unit.

A sensor for use in a canister for fluid collection, the canister having a canister top and defining a fluid collection chamber. The sensor includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode includes a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion of the first electrode is supported by the canister top, and the second portion of the first electrode is configured to extend into the fluid collection chamber. The second electrode includes a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion of the second electrode is supported by the canister top, and the second portion of the second electrode is configured to extend into the fluid collection chamber. The sensor also includes an electric circuit configured to detect an electrical property associated with the first and second electrodes.

Apparatus comprising: a sensor configured to generate sensor output dependent on an intensity of light incident on the sensor and having a field of view directed at an external surface in use; an illumination source configured to emit light onto the external surface in use; a window located such as to allow light to pass from the illumination source to the external surface and to allow light to pass to the sensor from the external surface in use; a shield coupled to or integral with the window, the shield being substantially opaque to substantially all wavelengths of light detectable by the sensor and defining an aperture which limits the field of view of the sensor; and a processor configured to use the sensor output to determine information associated with reflection characteristics of the external surface.

A ventilator (100) ventilates a patient (102) by a high-flow oxygen therapy via a tube system (104). The ventilator has at least one sensor element (110), at least one actuatable inhalation valve or exhalation valve (120) and a control unit (130). The sensor element is arranged and configured to determine and to output a measured variable (112) within the tube system. The measured variable indicates a gas flow within the tube system. The actuatable inhalation valve or exhalation valve is arranged and configured to make possible a flow of a breathing gas from a ventilation circuit (107) of the ventilator. The control unit regulates a ventilation pressure provided by the ventilator via the at least one sensor element and the at least one inhalation valve or exhalation valve such that a predefined maximum pressure is not exceeded in a predefined area (140) of the tube system.

Provided are systems, methods, and devices for biomarker shaping and sleep profile enhancement. Systems include a plurality of electrodes configured to be coupled to a brain of a user and configured to obtain a plurality of measurements from the brain of the user, and an interface configured to obtain the plurality of measurements from at least the plurality of electrodes. Systems also include a processing device comprising one or more processors configured to generate a first target sleep profile for the user based, at least in part, on the plurality of measurements and a plurality of biomarkers, the processing device being further configured to generate a plurality of stimulus parameters based, at least in part, on the target profile.

A peritoneal dialysis system includes a chamber; a hydraulic pump; an inflatable bladder located within the chamber and in hydraulic fluid communication with the hydraulic pump; and a control unit configured to cause known amounts of hydraulic fluid to be metered to and from the inflatable bladder and to determine (i) a first amount of air before a discharge stroke via a first ideal gas law calculation, (ii) a second amount of air after the discharge stroke via a second ideal gas law calculation, and (iii) a discharge volume of fresh or used dialysis fluid for the discharge stroke by subtracting a difference between the first and second amounts of air from a known amount of hydraulic fluid metered to the inflatable bladder for the discharge stroke.

The present invention relates to devices, systems, and methods for controlling the concentration of potassium in dialysate in a closed loop potassium control system. The devices, systems, and methods can be compatible with any dialysis system including sorbent-based dialysis systems, single pass dialysis systems, or other multi-pass dialysis systems. The systems can use closed loop potassium control over potassium concentration in the dialysate to reduce the probability of patient arrhythmias. The potassium concentration can be controlled and personalized to a patient using certain predetermined patient parameters. Related systems, algorithms, and control systems are contemplated for optimizing the potassium concentration in the dialysate.

A needleless injection system is provided to deliver therapeutic fluids to an internal treatment site in a patient, where the system is pressurized and is capable of compensating for differences in injection media viscosity and mechanical system characteristics. In one aspect, a needleless therapeutic fluid injection system is provided that includes modular, interchangeable components. In particular, the system includes a console that generally includes the electronic and/or hydraulic control components for the system, an injection chamber, and a shaft or catheter tube.

A dialysis machine (e.g., a peritoneal dialysis (PD) machine) can include a pressure sensor mounted at a proximal end of a patient line that provides PD solution to a patient through a catheter. During treatment, an occlusion can occur at different locations in the patient line and/or the catheter. Elastic waves may be generated at a pump that introduces (e.g., for fill cycles) or withdraws (e.g., for drain cycles) the solution into/out of the patient line. For example, when the solution is introduced or withdrawn suddenly, elastic waves travel distally down the patient line until they encounter the occlusion, and are then reflected back (e.g., toward the pressure sensor).