A method of applying electrode elements configured in an array of elements to an individual's skin, the electrode elements being part of an apparatus for delivering a plurality of electromagnetic fields to the body of the individual, the method comprising the steps of: positioning, applying, holding and bowing. The positioning step includes the positioning of each of the electrode elements of the array of elements into corresponding cavities in at least one holding rack. The applying step includes the applying of a medical adhesive to a surface of the plurality of electrode elements. The holding step includes the holding of the holding rack against the skin at a selected location. The bowing step includes the bowing of a portion of the holding rack causing one of the electrode elements to pop out of the holding rack, with the electrode element adhering to the skin by way of the medical adhesive.

A method of applying electrode elements configured in an array of elements to an individual's skin, the electrode elements being part of an apparatus for delivering a plurality of electromagnetic fields to the body of the individual, the method comprising the steps of: positioning, applying, holding and bowing. The positioning step includes the positioning of each of the electrode elements of the array of elements into corresponding cavities in at least one holding rack. The applying step includes the applying of a medical adhesive to a surface of the plurality of electrode elements. The holding step includes the holding of the holding rack against the skin at a selected location. The bowing step includes the bowing of a portion of the holding rack causing one of the electrode elements to pop out of the holding rack, with the electrode element adhering to the skin by way of the medical adhesive.

The invention relates to a high voltage source to be coupled to an electrode arrangement for a dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment. It has a high voltage transformer device including a primary and secondary inductor coupled via a magnetic circuit. A feed circuit including a power capacitor, the power capacitor coupled with the primary inductor and a first controllable conductor in series. A controller is arranged to intermittent switching of the first controllable conductor in on- and off-states; and a second controllable conductor is coupled in parallel to the primary windings; the controller arranged to switch the second controllable conductor to a conducting on-state when the first controllable conductor is in an on-state to short the resonating current in the primary inductor.

The inventive concept relates to a needle tip for application of current, a hand piece, and a skin treatment apparatus that are equipped with a needle in which an electromagnetically-energized active region is formed as a partial region other than a tip end of the needle is exposed in a non-insulated state.

Methods for treating hypertension and associated systems and methods are disclosed herein. One aspect of the present technology, for example, is directed to methods for therapeutic renal neuromodulation that partially inhibit sympathetic neural activity in renal nerves proximate a renal blood vessel of a human patient having a 24-hour heart rate at or above a median heart rate for a population of hypertensive patients. This reduction in sympathetic neural activity is expected to therapeutically treat one or more conditions associated with hypertension of the patient. Renal sympathetic nerve activity can be modulated, for example, using an intravascularly positioned catheter carrying a neuromodulation assembly, e.g., a neuromodulation assembly configured to use electrically-induced, thermally-induced, and/or chemically-induced approaches to modulate the renal nerves.

Characteristics of alternating electric fields that will be applied to a target region in a subject’s body can be selected by applying different sets of pulses between electrode elements positioned on opposite sides of the target region. Thermal responses to the different sets of pulses are determined. Based on these thermal responses, the system selects a set of characteristics for output pulses of alternating current that will (a) maximize peak current amplitude and (b) keep temperatures at the electrode elements below a threshold value.

Characteristics of alternating electric fields that will be applied to a target region in a subject’s body can be selected by applying different sets of pulses between electrode elements positioned on opposite sides of the target region. Thermal responses to the different sets of pulses are determined. Based on these thermal responses, the system selects a set of characteristics for output pulses of alternating current that will (a) maximize peak current amplitude and (b) keep temperatures at the electrode elements below a threshold value.

A sub-microsecond pulsed electric field generator is disclosed. The field generator includes a controller, which generates a power supply control signal and generates a pulse generator control signal, and a power supply, which receives the power supply control signal and generates one or more power voltages based on the received power supply control signal. The field generator also includes a pulse generator which receives the power voltages and the pulse generator control signal, and generates one or more pulses based on the power voltages and based on the pulse generator control signal. In some embodiments, the controller receives feedback signals representing a value of a characteristic of or a result of the pulses and generates at least one of the power supply control signal and the pulse generator control signal based on the received feedback signals.

A sub-microsecond pulsed electric field generator is disclosed. The field generator includes a controller, which generates a power supply control signal and generates a pulse generator control signal, and a power supply, which receives the power supply control signal and generates one or more power voltages based on the received power supply control signal. The field generator also includes a pulse generator which receives the power voltages and the pulse generator control signal, and generates one or more pulses based on the power voltages and based on the pulse generator control signal. In some embodiments, the controller receives feedback signals representing a value of a characteristic of or a result of the pulses and generates at least one of the power supply control signal and the pulse generator control signal based on the received feedback signals.

Certain drugs and other molecules cannot ordinarily traverse the blood brain barrier (BBB). However, when alternating electric fields at certain first frequencies (e.g., 100 kHz) are applied to the brain, the BBB becomes permeable to those molecules. Moreover, certain drugs and other molecules cannot ordinarily traverse cell membranes. However, when alternating electric fields at certain second frequencies are applied to the cells (e.g., 150 kHz for uterine sarcoma cells), the cell membranes become permeable to those molecules. To get a certain drug past both the BBB and the relevant cell membranes, the permeability of both of those barriers can be overcome by sequentially (or simultaneously) applying alternating electric fields at both the first frequency and the second frequency.