A high-energy radiation treatment system can comprise a laser-driven accelerator system, a patient monitoring system, and a control system. The laser-driven accelerator system, such as a laser-driven plasma accelerator or a laser-driven dielectric microstructure accelerator, can be constructed to irradiate a patient disposed on a patient support. The patient monitoring system can be configured to detect and track a location or movement of a treatment volume within the patient. The control system can be configured to control the laser-driven accelerator system responsively to the location or movement of the treatment volume. The system can also include a beam control system, which generates a magnetic field that can affect the radiation beam and/or secondary electrons produced by the irradiation beam. In some embodiments, the beam control system and the patient monitoring system can comprise a magnetic resonance imaging system.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for identifying radiation therapy treatment data for patients. A processor accesses a neural network trained based on a first set of data generated from characteristic values of a first set of patients that received treatment at one or more first radiotherapy machines. The processor executes the neural network using a second set of data comprising characteristic values of a second set of patients receiving treatment at one or more second radiotherapy machines. The processor executes a calibration model using an output of the neural network based on the second set of data to output a calibration value. The processor executes the neural network using a set of characteristics of a first patient to output a first confidence score associated with a first treatment attribute. The processor then adjusts the first confidence score according to the calibration value to predict the first treatment attribute.

Disclosed herein are radiotherapy systems and methods that can display a workflow-oriented graphical user interface(s). In an embodiment, a system comprises a first display in communication with a server, the first display configured to display a first graphical user interface; a second display in communication with the server, the second display configured to display a second graphical user interface, wherein the server is configured to: present the first graphical user interface for displaying on the first display, wherein the first graphical user interface contains one or more pages corresponding to one or more stages of a radiotherapy treatment, wherein the server transitions from a first page of the one or more pages representing a first stage to a second page of the one or more pages representing a second stage responsive to an indication that at least a predetermined portion of tasks associated with the first stage has been satisfied.

A radioactive ray radiation system includes a beam radiation apparatus, a treatment planning module, a control module, a preparation room and a radiation room. First and second stereoscopic vision apparatuses are respectively arranged in the preparation room and the radiation room. Simulated positioning is performed on a radiated subject in the preparation room according to the location of a radiated part determined in a treatment plan, and a first image of the radiated part collected by the first stereoscopic vision apparatus is compared with the treatment plan to determine a simulated positioning pose. Radiation positioning is performed on the radiated subject in the radiation room according to the determined simulated positioning pose, and a second image of the radiated part collected by the second stereoscopic vision apparatus is compared with the treatment plan to control the beam radiation apparatus to start performing radiation therapy on the radiated subject.

Systems and techniques may be used to estimate a patient state during a radiotherapy treatment. For example, a method may include generating a dictionary of expanded potential patient measurements and corresponding potential patient states using a preliminary motion model. The method may include training, using a machine learning technique, a correspondence motion model relating an input patient measurement to an output patient state using the dictionary. The method may include estimating, using a processor, the patient state corresponding to an input image using the correspondence motion model.

Disclosed herein are methods for personalized treatment of individual patient tumors. In one embodiment, a method of calculating a personalized radiation therapy dosage for a subject comprises determining expression levels of one or more signature genes from a subject's tumor sample, applying a linear regression model to the gene expression levels and assigning a radiation sensitivity index (RSI) to the subject's tumor sample, calculating a genomic adjusted radiation dose (GARD) value based on RSI, radiation dose and fractionation schedule of the subject, and calculating a personalized radiation dosage (RxRSI) for the subject based on a pre-determined GARD value.

For patient model estimation from surface data in a medical system, a stream or sequence of depth camera captures are performed. The fitting of the patient model is divided between different times or parts of the sequence, using the streaming capture to distribute processing and account for patient movement. Less manual involvement may be needed due to the regular availability of image captures. Subsequent fitting may benefit from previous fitting.

The disclosure is directed to devices for use in radiation therapy. Various configurations of shielding materials within shielding layers, such as for use in shielding radiation from radioactive sources within implanted radioactive carriers, are discussed herein.

A neutron capture therapy apparatus includes a neutron beam irradiation system, a detection system and a monitoring system. The neutron beam irradiation system is configured for generating a neutron beam. The detection system is configured for detecting real-time irradiation parameters during a neutron beam irradiation therapy process. The monitoring system is configured for controlling the whole neutron beam irradiation process and includes an input part for inputting preset irradiation parameters, a determination part for determining whether the irradiation parameters need to be corrected and a correction part for correcting some of the irradiation parameters when the determination part determines that the irradiation parameters need to be corrected. When the ratio of the real-time neutron dose detected by the detection system to a preset neutron dose is greater than or equal to a preset value, the determination part of the monitoring system determines that the irradiation parameters need to be corrected.

A method of operating imaging and tracking. The method includes determining, for each angle of a plurality of angles from which tracking images can be generated by an imaging device, a value of a tracking quality metric for tracking a target based on an analysis of a projection generated at that angle. The method also includes selecting, by a processing device, a subset of the plurality of angles that have a tracking quality metric value that satisfies a tracking quality metric criterion, one or more angles of the subset to be used to generate a tracking image of the target during a treatment stage, wherein the subset comprises at least a first angle and a second angle that is at least separated by a minimum threshold from the first angle.