In particles removal with extremely high filtration efficiency and the ability to block submicron airborne particles by a sieving mechanism is provided. This novel nanoporous filter advantageously combines extremely high transmittance for visible light and ultraviolet light, reusability after cleaning or disinfection by ultraviolet irradiation or simple washing, a customizable sieving pore size ranging from a few nanometers to 500 nanometers, and the ability to carry bactericidal, virucidal or other reagents or particles on the nano or micro scale.

A building product for application to the exterior of a building. The front face of the product utilizes a first fiber sheet partially embedded within a thermoset polymer coating resin. A foamed closed cell admixture composition core with an inorganic filler overlays the thermoset polymer coating resin with the embedded fiber sheet. The admixture composition infiltrates and bonds to the portion of the fiber sheet that is not embedded within the thermoset polymer coating resin mechanically bonding to the thermoset polymer coating. A second fiber sheet overlays the admixture core and the admixture and second fiber sheet form the rear surface of the building product that is mounted adjacent the building surface.

A method of making a laminated shingle is provided. The method includes coating a shingle mat with roofing asphalt to make an asphalt-coated sheet, adhering a reinforcement member to a portion of the asphalt-coated sheet, covering the asphalt-coated sheet, and optionally covering the reinforcement member, with granules to make a granule-covered sheet, dividing the granule-covered sheet into an overlay sheet and an underlay sheet, wherein the overlay sheet has a tab portion normally exposed on a roof and a headlap portion normally covered-up on a roof, the headlap portion having a lower zone adjacent the tab portion and an upper zone adjacent the lower zone, and wherein the reinforcement member is adhered to the lower zone of the headlap portion and laminating the overlay sheet and the underlay sheet to make the laminated shingle.

Embodiments are directed to systems and methods for creating a tubular composite structure. In one embodiment, a device comprises multiple layers of cured composite fabric bonded together to form a tubular composite structure, wherein alternating groups of the multiple layers comprise on-axis fabric and off-axis fabric. The tubular composite structure may form a spar for an aerodynamic component. The composite fabric may comprise one or more of carbon, fiberglass, or other composite materials, or a combination of materials. One or more stacks of the fabric wrap completely around the tubular composite structure, and other stacks of fabric may not wrap completely around the tubular composite structure.

A method of making a laminated shingle is provided. The method includes coating a shingle mat with roofing asphalt to make an asphalt-coated sheet, adhering a reinforcement member to a portion of the asphalt-coated sheet, covering the asphalt-coated sheet, and optionally covering the reinforcement member, with granules to make a granule-covered sheet, dividing the granule-covered sheet into an overlay sheet and an underlay sheet, wherein the overlay sheet has a tab portion normally exposed on a roof and a headlap portion normally covered-up on a roof, the headlap portion having a lower zone adjacent the tab portion and an upper zone adjacent the lower zone, and wherein the reinforcement member is adhered to the lower zone of the headlap portion and laminating the overlay sheet and the underlay sheet to make the laminated shingle.

Snowboards are constructed by initial manufacture of a base sub-assembly including fewer than all layers of the snowboard, e.g., a base layer, edges, and a stabilizing layer. These layers are permanently bonded together into a unitary base sub-assembly. The running (bottom) surface is then finished to provide a desired surface consistency by eliminating undesired irregularities from the manufacturing process, e.g., using a conventional base grinding machine. Subsequently, the base sub-assembly and remaining snowboard layers (e.g., top sheet and a core sandwiched between reinforcing layers) are permanently bonded together into a unitary final snowboard assembly, which may then be worked to form a finished snowboard. Snowboards may be either flat or non-flat in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. Accordingly, the method may be used to produce snowboards having a desired sanded/ground base surface having a desired surface consistency, even for snowboards that are non-flat in the transverse direction.

A panel for forming a floor covering has a substrate including at least a layer of thermoplastic material, where the panel, above the layer, has at least also a printed decor and a translucent or transparent wear layer. The layer also includes at least individual fibers having a length greater than 1 millimeter, where the individual fibers are loose and freely distributed with the layer of thermoplastic material.

A panel for forming a floor covering, where this panel includes a substrate including at least a layer of thermoplastic material, where the panel, above the layer, comprises at least also a printed décor and a translucent or transparent wear layer. The layer also includes at least individual fibers having a length greater than 1 millimeter, where the individual fibers are loose and freely distributed within the layer of thermoplastic material.

Insulated building studs and methods of manufacturing the insulated building studs are disclosed. The insulated building studs includes a first portion, a second portion, an insulated portion with a first side and a second side, wherein the first portion is coupled to the first side of the insulated portion and the second portion is coupled to the second side of the insulated portion to form a building member, and at least one mesh coupled to at least one of a top and a bottom of the building member. A method of manufacturing insulated building studs is also disclosed.

A composite foam article is disclosed herein. The composite foam article comprises a polyurethane foam core presenting a first surface and a second surface facing opposite the first surface. A first skin is disposed on the first surface and a second skin is disposed on the second surface. The first and second skins comprise a plurality of fibers and a polymeric binder. The composite foam article also comprises at least one supplemental layer comprising an ethylene and acrylic acid copolymer dispersed in and/or disposed between any of said aforementioned skins and core.