The invention provides novel methods to genotype haploid embryos using molecular assays. For example, quantitative methods for genotyping are provided. The methods provided also include providing a plurality of haploid kernels, determining the genotype of the haploid embryo of said kernels by distinguishing its genotype from the endosperm genotype, selecting a kernel having a desired genotype and producing doubled haploid plant from the selected kernel.

The invention provides novel methods to genotype haploid embryos using molecular assays. For example, quantitative methods for genotyping are provided. The methods provided also include providing a plurality of haploid kernels, determining the genotype of the haploid embryo of said kernels by distinguishing its genotype from the endosperm genotype, selecting a kernel having a desired genotype and producing doubled haploid plant from the selected kernel.

The disclosure provides methods for selecting watermelon plants for genetic elements on chromosome 2 and 6 which genetic elements predict the average seed size produced in the fruits of said plants and watermelon plants and plant parts comprising modifications in the tomato-seed size gene (Ts-gene) on chromosome 2, and methods of producing seeds and plants.

Disclosed is a molecular marker polymerization wheat breeding method for Fusarium head blight-resistance. The method uses an intermediate material for Fusarium head blight-resistance as a resistance source, and excellent varieties (strains) in a northern part of Huanghuai wheat production area as agronomic parents, and uses molecular marker-assisted selection and conventional breeding techniques. The molecular markers are a linked marker LJJT-1 of a Fusarium head blight-resistant gene Fhb1 and linked markers LJJ-2 and LJJ-3 of a Fusarium head blight-resistant gene Fhb2, so as to create a semi-winter Fusarium head blight-resistant breeding material with outstanding target traits and excellent comprehensive traits, which lays a material foundation for cultivating Fusarium head blight-resistant wheat varieties suitable for planting in the Huanghuai wheat production area.

The invention relates to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers that provide improved resistance to one or more diseases and/or improved agronomic traits, such as improved resistance to Fusarium infection, improved resistance to Macrophomina infection, improved resistance to Colletotrichum resistance, improved remontancy and/or improved berry weight. Also described are compositions and methods of using the SNP markers in selecting, obtaining, or developing strawberry plants or varieties with the given improved traits.

The invention relates to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers that provide improved resistance to one or more diseases and/or improved agronomic traits, such as improved resistance to Fusarium infection, improved resistance to Macrophomina infection, improved resistance to Colletotrichum resistance, improved remontancy and/or improved berry weight. Also described are compositions and methods of using the SNP markers in selecting, obtaining, or developing strawberry plants or varieties with the given improved traits.

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for identifying, selecting and/or producing a Disease resistant soybean plant or germplasm using markers, genes and chromosomal intervals derived from Glycine clandestina, e.g. PI339656, or a progeny thereof. A soybean plant or germplasm that has been identified, selected and/or produced by any of the methods of the present invention is also provided. Disease resistant soybean seeds, plants and germplasms are also provided.

The invention provides novel methods for liquid-mediated delivery of pollen grains to enclosed stigmas in recipient female flowers. For example, methods for liquid-mediated pollination are provided. The methods provided include collecting pollen from a donor plant, suspending the collected pollen in a liquid solution, and introducing said solution to an enclosed stigma of a recipient flower bud on a recipient plant, thereby pollinating the flower with the pollen from the donor plant.

The present invention provides a polynucleotide which enables the modulation of the seed vigour, and in particular enhances the seed vigour, and more particularly enables the modification of the speed of germination. A plant seed comprising the said polynucleotide is also provided. A method of producing the plant seed, method for improving the germination and vigour of plant seed, transgenic plant and the use of the polynucleotide of the invention for producing plants growing seeds with improved germination and vigour characteristics are also provided. The invention particularly concerns Brassica, more particularly Brassica oleracea.

The invention provides methods and compositions for breeding pepper (Capsicum sp. such as Capsicum annuum) lines, including isogenic and nearly isogenic lines, displaying one or more mature fruit color(s) of interest. Predictive genetic markers and associated sequences and primers, associated with phenotypic diversity at the Ccs locus encoding Capsanthin-Capsorubin Synthase, and the Ze locus encoding Zeaxanthin Epoxidase are also provided, as well as methods for breeding pepper lines. Further provided are pepper plants, and plant parts including seeds, seed mixtures, fruit, and packaged fruit, which display mature fruit color(s) of interest.