A method of treating and attenuating L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia, comprising administering an effective dose of at least one pharmacological agent, e.g., vilazodone, having serotonin-specific reuptake inhibition (SSRI) and serotonin receptor 1A (5-HT1AR) partial agonism activity, in conjunction with L-DOPA. Other agents, such as an L-DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor, e.g., carbidopa, or other adjunct treatments may also be provided.

Compositions including metabolites that are small molecules, and salts and derivatives thereof, and methods for treatment or prophylaxis of conditions related to the quality of aging are provided, including compositions and methods for treating conditions that negatively impact longevity and the quality of aging, including asthma, autoimmune disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, anemia, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, liver disease, iron overload, impaired skin integrity, wound healing, scarring, pain, allergies, respiratory diseases, sleep disorders, sleep problems, gastrointestinal disorders, and gastrointestinal problems.

The technology relates generally to the field of immunology and relates in part to methods for activating cells, including for example T cells and T cells that express chimeric antigen receptors, using an inducible chimeric polypeptide including CD40, MyD88, or CD40 and MyD88 polypeptides. The technology further relates in part to therapeutic methods for inducing an immune response and treating tumors in a patient.

The invention relates to therapeutic compositions comprising at least one isolated bacterium and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, as well as methods of preparing such therapeutic compositions. The therapeutic compositions find application in the treatment of dysbiosis, in particular dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal tract.

The invention relates to therapeutic compositions comprising at least one isolated bacterium and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, as well as methods of preparing such therapeutic compositions. The therapeutic compositions find application in the treatment of dysbiosis, in particular dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal tract.

A compound represented by formula (2) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or the like; R.sup.2 represents a methoxy group or the like; R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or the like; R.sup.4 represents an optionally substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl group or the like; m represents 0, 1, or 2; n represents 0, 1, 2, or 3; L.sup.1 represents —NH—C(═O)—, —C(═O)—NH—, or the like; L.sup.2 represents a single bond or the like; X represents optionally substituted phenyl or the like; Y represents optionally substituted phenyl or the like; and X and Y are bonded at a carbon atom on each ring.

A compound represented by formula (2) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or the like; R.sup.2 represents a methoxy group or the like; R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or the like; R.sup.4 represents an optionally substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl group or the like; m represents 0, 1, or 2; n represents 0, 1, 2, or 3; L.sup.1 represents —NH—C(═O)—, —C(═O)—NH—, or the like; L.sup.2 represents a single bond or the like; X represents optionally substituted phenyl or the like; Y represents optionally substituted phenyl or the like; and X and Y are bonded at a carbon atom on each ring.

The invention relates to prodrug compounds of formula I: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.5, R.sup.7 and X are as defined herein. The invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising the compounds of the invention and methods of using the compositions in the treatment of various disorders, including pain. The compounds of formula I possess advantageous solubility and physicochemical properties.

The present invention relates to therapeutic compositions comprising a PDE10A inhibitor for use in the prevention, management and/or treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, and particularly for use in individuals who are suffering from ulcerative colitis.

The present invention pertains to medicament for use in preventing or treating irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease, the medicament comprising as an active ingredient a compound having a P2X4 receptor antagonistic action, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.