There is provided inter alia a polypeptide comprising an immunoglobulin chain variable domain which binds to IL-23, wherein the immunoglobulin chain variable domain comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDR1-CDR3) and four framework regions (FR1-FR4), wherein CDR1 comprises a sequence sharing 60% or greater sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1, CDR2 comprises a sequence sharing 50% or greater sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 2 and CDR3 comprises a sequence sharing 50% or greater sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 3.

There is provided inter alia a polypeptide comprising an immunoglobulin chain variable domain which binds to IL-23, wherein the immunoglobulin chain variable domain comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDR1-CDR3) and four framework regions (FR1-FR4), wherein CDR1 comprises a sequence sharing 60% or greater sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1, CDR2 comprises a sequence sharing 50% or greater sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 2 and CDR3 comprises a sequence sharing 50% or greater sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 3.

This document discusses, among other things, receiving a plurality of donor fecal samples from a plurality of donors and storing and indexing each respective donor fecal samples using at least one characteristic of the respective donor fecal sample. In an example, the donor fecal sample can be screened and processed for subsequent use in fecal bacteriotherapy to displace pathogenic or undesired organisms in the digestive track of a patient with healthy or desirable gut microbiota.

The teachings provided herein generally relate to enhanced antivirulents that inactivate antibiotic-resistant bacteria as opposed to relying on an antimicrobial killing of the bacteria, and the antivirulents are safe for oral administration. As such, the systems taught herein are valuable methods that provide an alternate pathway for treating a subject having an antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection.

Provided herein are compounds of the Formula I:

##STR00001##

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein A, B, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, Ring D, E, R.sup.a, R.sup.b, n and m have the meanings given in the specification, which are inhibitors of RET kinase and are useful in the treatment and prevention of diseases which can be treated with a RET kinase inhibitor, including RET-associated diseases and disorders.

Provided herein are compounds of the Formula I:

##STR00001##

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein A, B, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, Ring D, E, R.sup.a, R.sup.b, n and m have the meanings given in the specification, which are inhibitors of RET kinase and are useful in the treatment and prevention of diseases which can be treated with a RET kinase inhibitor, including RET-associated diseases and disorders.

An oxidative stress inhibitor 100 of the present invention contains silicon particles capable of generating hydrogen. In a preferred aspect of the oxidative stress inhibitor 100, the following effects (a) and/or (b) can be exhibited. (a) The total amount of generation (total amount of production) is increased. (b) The amount of generation of hydrogen per unit time (i.e. rate of generation of hydrogen), particularly the rate of generation of hydrogen in the initial stage is increased.

An oxidative stress inhibitor 100 of the present invention contains silicon particles capable of generating hydrogen. In a preferred aspect of the oxidative stress inhibitor 100, the following effects (a) and/or (b) can be exhibited. (a) The total amount of generation (total amount of production) is increased. (b) The amount of generation of hydrogen per unit time (i.e. rate of generation of hydrogen), particularly the rate of generation of hydrogen in the initial stage is increased.

Provided herein are compositions comprising tryptophan catabolites and methods of use thereof. In particular, provided herein are compositions comprising tryptophan catabolites and uses thereof in methods of treating gastrointestinal disorders, suppressing appetite, and promoting weight loss in a subject.

Provided herein are compounds of the Formula I: ##STR00001##
or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein A, B, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, Ring D, E, R.sup.a, R.sup.b, n and m have the meanings given in the specification, which are inhibitors of RET kinase and are useful in the treatment and prevention of diseases which can be treated with a RET kinase inhibitor, including RET-associated diseases and disorders.