Some embodiments herein relate generally to compositions comprising microbial organisms and/or metabolites for improving the behavior of a subject, such as a subject having autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and methods of using the same. Some embodiments herein relate generally to profiles of gut bacteria and/or metabolites useful for determining a risk, presence, and/or severity of ASD.

An agent for elevating nitric oxide (NO) concentration comprising glutathione or a salt thereof as an active ingredient; an agent for elevating NO concentration comprising glutathione or a salt thereof as an active ingredient for preventing or ameliorating a vascular endothelial malfunction-related symptom, or dilating blood vessels or promoting blood flow by elevating NO concentration; and a method for elevating NO concentration by ingesting glutathione or a salt thereof.

Described herein are methods of producing animal feed made up of oligosaccharide compositions, as well as methods of producing such oligosaccharide compositions and animal feed compositions, and methods of using such animal feed compositions to enhance animal growth.

Proteins that bind IL-1α and IL-1β are described along with their use in compositions and methods for treating, preventing, and diagnosing IL-1-related disorders and for detecting IL-1α and IL-1β in cells, tissues, samples, and compositions.

Disclosed herein is a nutritional composition having at least one protein, at least one fat, and at least one lipophilic compound, the composition comprising at least one assembly comprising at least one hydrophobic protein, monoglycerides and diglycerides (“MDG”) and at least one lipophilic compound, wherein at least 1% of the total MDG in the nutritional composition remains in the aqueous phase after centrifugation at 100,000×g for 1 hour at 20° C.

A trace element solution comprises at least the following metals zinc directly and/or indirectly from Zn-EDTA and/or Zn oxide; manganese directly and/or indirectly from Mn-EDTA and/or manganese carbonate; copper directly and/or indirectly from Cu-EDTA and/or copper oxide and/or copper sulphate, and/or copper carbonate; selenium derived directly and/or indirectly from Na.sub.2SeO.sub.4 and/or Na.sub.2SeO.sub.3. The metals are present in a solution of water, chlorocresol and/or benzyl alcohol, at a concentration of metals of at least 95 mg/ml. The pH of the trace element solution adjusted by means of 30% NaOH in an injectable trace element solution that is visually stable.

A method of promoting bone health in a moderately malnourished individual is provided. The method includes treating the moderately malnourished individual with a nutritional composition that contains a carbohydrate blend. The carbohydrate blend includes a source of at least one carbohydrate that provides rapidly available glucose, a source of at least one carbohydrate that provides slowly available glucose, and a source of at least one non-digestible carbohydrate or resistant starch.

The present invention relates to reconstituted high density lipoprotein (rHDL) formulations comprising an apolipoprotein, a lipid and a lyophilization stabilizer. Said formulations have reduced renal toxicity and good long-term stability, especially in lyophilized form.

The present invention relates to a method of reducing or preventing the symptoms associated with the intake of alcohol. The method comprises administering to a subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition prior to alcohol intake. The pharmaceutical composition comprises a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a H.sub.1-antihistamine.

An object of the present invention is to provide an enzyme-treated milk product, a method for preparing the same, a composition thereof comprising a pharmaceutical composition, and a product thereof comprising a pharmaceuticals. The enzyme-treated milk product can be obtained by a method for producing an enzyme-treated milk product including a step for bringing milk into contact with β-galactosidase.