The present invention relates to antisense oligonucleotides that modulate the expression of and/or function of Sodium channel, voltage-gated, alpha subunit (SCNA), in particular, by targeting natural antisense polynucleotides of Sodium channel, voltage-gated, alpha subunit (SCNA). The invention also relates to the identification of these antisense oligonucleotides and their use in treating diseases and disorders associated with the expression of SCNA.

The present invention relates to novel 5-(hydroxyalkyl)-1-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole derivatives, to processes for the preparation of such compounds, to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, and to the use of such compounds or compositions for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, in particular for the treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular and renal diseases.

There is provided polymorphs of ferric maltol. Such forms may be useful in the treatment of iron deficiency with or without anaemia, such as iron deficiency anaemia.

The present invention discloses pharmaceutical-grade ferric organic compounds, including ferric citrate, which are soluble over a wider range of pH, and which have a large active surface area. A manufacturing and quality control process for making a pharmaceutical-grade ferric citrate that consistently complies with the established Manufacture Release Specification is also disclosed. The pharmaceutical-grade ferric organic compounds are suitable for treating disorders characterized by elevated serum phosphate levels.

The present invention provides a highly palatable colon cleansing formulation that utilizes a low chloride electrolyte-replenishing base solution. When formulated with polyethylene glycol and a selected sugar alcohol, the formulation offers the advantages of superior palatability without undesirable concomitant side effects or a decrease in cleansing efficacy.

Compositions, e.g., pharmaceutical compositions, nutritional compositions, medical foods, and food ingredients, as well as their methods of use, are provided, for treating diseases associated with hyperammonemia, e.g., urea cycle disorders (UCD) and hepatic encephalopathy (HE), e.g., minimal HE (MHE) and overt HE (OHE), and modulating enzyme activities and levels of microbes and taxa, and metabolites (e.g., ammonia) in the microbiome of a subject.

Compositions, e.g., pharmaceutical compositions, nutritional compositions, medical foods, and food ingredients, as well as their methods of use, are provided, for treating diseases associated with hyperammonemia, e.g., urea cycle disorders (UCD) and hepatic encephalopathy (HE), e.g., minimal HE (MHE) and overt HE (OHE), and modulating enzyme activities and levels of microbes and taxa, and metabolites (e.g., ammonia) in the microbiome of a subject.

A food alginate-encapsulated microcapsule encapsulates alginate (excluding sodium salt) as an active ingredient. The microcapsule encapsulates alginate such that alginate does not directly contact a tongue when the microcapsule is adhered or added to food. Thus, the food can be taken with no feeling of unique smell and flavor of alginate, specifically ammonium alginate. Direct salt adsorption due to alginate is prevented in the food so that the food can be taken without impairing salty taste. In addition, the microcapsule disintegrates in a gastrointestinal tract, and alginate exercises a sodium adsorption ability. Accordingly, sodium excretion is promoted.

A food alginate-encapsulated microcapsule encapsulates alginate (excluding sodium salt) as an active ingredient. The microcapsule encapsulates alginate such that alginate does not directly contact a tongue when the microcapsule is adhered or added to food. Thus, the food can be taken with no feeling of unique smell and flavor of alginate, specifically ammonium alginate. Direct salt adsorption due to alginate is prevented in the food so that the food can be taken without impairing salty taste. In addition, the microcapsule disintegrates in a gastrointestinal tract, and alginate exercises a sodium adsorption ability. Accordingly, sodium excretion is promoted.

The invention relates to compositions and methods for modulating the expression of alpha-ENaC, and more particularly to the downregulation of alpha-ENaC expression by chemically modified oligonucleotides.