This disclosure provides a method of safely and rapidly initiating or escalating oral sotalol therapy by administering an intravenous dosage of sotalol followed by oral sotalol twice daily.

The present disclosure provides orally deliverable pharmaceutical compositions comprising DGLA and to methods of using same to treat a variety of conditions and disorders.

Described herein are methods and compositions related to treating and preventing an engraftment arrhythmia with an effective amount of amiodarone and ivabradine. Also described herein is a method of cardiomyocyte transplant, the method comprises: dministering in vitro-differentiated cardiomyocytes to cardiac tissue of a subject in need thereof; and administering to the subject an amount of amiodarone and an amount of ivabradine effective to reduce engraftment arrhythmia in the subject.

The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions of linagliptin, pharmaceutical dosage forms, their preparation, their use and methods for treating metabolic disorders.

Disclosed are the preparing method of a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin compound and a drug composition, and in particular the method of the pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin compounds as shown in formulae (I) to (XVI) in the preparation of a drug for preventing or treating a disease mediated by AMPK and/or ERRα, comprising the preparation of a drug for preventing or treating diseases such as a liver disease, respiratory system disease, metabolic disease, autoimmune disease, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, kidney disease, central nervous system disease or muscular dystrophy. The definition of formulae (I) to (XVI) is the same as the definition in the specification.

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The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, tautomers or stereoisomers thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.2a, R.sup.3, R.sup.a1, R.sup.a2, R.sup.a4, R.sup.a5, X.sup.1, X.sup.1a, A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 have the meaning as indicated in the description and claims. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds, their use as medicament and in a method for treating and preventing of one or more diseases or disorders associated with integrated stress response.

##STR00001##

Botulinum toxin for use in treating arrhythmia in a patient in need thereof is provided. The treatment comprises administering botulinum toxin to the patient. Botulinum toxin may be administered by subcutaneous or intradermal injection. The subcutaneous or intradermal injection may be administered to and/or around the vicinity of a trigeminal nerve, a cervical nerve, a thoracic nerve, a lumbar nerve, and/or a sacral nerve of the patient.

Botulinum toxin for use in treating arrhythmia in a patient in need thereof is provided. The treatment comprises administering botulinum toxin to the patient. Botulinum toxin may be administered by subcutaneous or intradermal injection. The subcutaneous or intradermal injection may be administered to and/or around the vicinity of a trigeminal nerve, a cervical nerve, a thoracic nerve, a lumbar nerve, and/or a sacral nerve of the patient.

The invention provides a compound of formula (I): or a salt thereof, wherein A, B, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and X have any of the values described in the specification, as well as compositions comprising a compound of formula I. The compounds are useful as therapeutic agents for treating diastolic dysfunction.

##STR00001##

The invention provides a compound of formula (I): or a salt thereof, wherein A, B, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and X have any of the values described in the specification, as well as compositions comprising a compound of formula I. The compounds are useful as therapeutic agents for treating diastolic dysfunction.

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