Embodiments described herein provide systems for inducing a desired response in an organism by controlling the duty cycle, wavelength band and frequency of photon bursts to an organism, through the photon modulation of one or more photon pulse trains in conjunction with one or more different photon pulse trains to the organism and duty cycle, where the photon modulation and duty cycle is based upon the specific needs of the organism. Devices for inducing a desired response in an organism such as growth, destruction or repair through the photon modulation of one or more photon pulse trains in conjunction with one or more different photon pulse trains to the organism are also provided. Further provided are methods for the optimization of organism growth, destruction or repair through the use of high frequency modulation of photons of individual color spectrums.

This disclosure relates to methods and compositions with enhanced levels of one or more tyramine containing hydroxycinnamic acid amides. Also disclosed herein are methods for producing a consumable product with enhanced levels of a tyramine containing hydroxycinnamic acid amide. Some embodiments relate to a composition enriched with a tyramine containing hydroxycinnamic acid.

A method for increasing floral yield of a flowering plant includes positioning the plant between side lights at the onset of a flowering stage of the plant, such that the plant is flanked by the side lights. The method also includes irradiating lateral sides of the flowering plant along the total height via the side lights with light in a predetermined red spectrum range for a duration of the flowering stage, such that at least 80 percent of the light has a wavelength of between 580 nm and 780 nm. The plant may be positioned between first and second sets of equally-spaced elongated side lights on respective first and second lateral sides of the plant. Supplemental lighting devices may be attached to the plant, with an interior of the plant irradiated with the red spectrum light for the duration of the flowering stage using the lighting devices.

A method for increasing floral yield of a flowering plant includes positioning the plant between side lights at the onset of a flowering stage of the plant, such that the plant is flanked by the side lights. The method also includes irradiating lateral sides of the flowering plant along the total height via the side lights with light in a predetermined red spectrum range for a duration of the flowering stage, such that at least 80 percent of the light has a wavelength of between 580 nm and 780 nm. The plant may be positioned between first and second sets of equally-spaced elongated side lights on respective first and second lateral sides of the plant. Supplemental lighting devices may be attached to the plant, with an interior of the plant irradiated with the red spectrum light for the duration of the flowering stage using the lighting devices.

The disclosure provides methods for assessing the exposure of red grapes by measuring the amounts of 4′-OH flavonol, 3′4′-OH flavonol, and 3′4′5′-OH flavonol extracted from red grape skins. The disclosure also describes use of Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression for determining the relative percentages of 4′-OH flavonol, 3′4′-OH flavonol, and 3′4′5′-OH flavonol.

Methods for manipulating yield and generation time of short day plants grown in a field environment are provided. The methods comprise manipulating external signals such as photoperiod in order to increase the per plant seed yield. Also provided are methods for synchronizing the flowering times of plants in different maturity groups.

Methods for manipulating yield and generation time of short day plants grown in a field environment are provided. The methods comprise manipulating external signals such as photoperiod in order to increase the per plant seed yield. Also provided are methods for synchronizing the flowering times of plants in different maturity groups.

A method for promoting the accumulation of secondary metabolites of cannabis is disclosed. The method comprises the step of adding an irradiation of green-yellow light, which has a peak wavelength at 505-590 nm, into the indoor growing environment of cannabis to improve the level of cannabidiol (CBD), secondary metabolites in cannabis. While maintaining the light intensity and other growth conditions, the yield and/or level of CBD, secondary metabolites in cannabis, can be increased by up to 11.04%.

A method for promoting levels of medicinal ingredients in cannabis. The method comprises a step to administering an irradiation of a combined light source including red light, green light and blue light in an indoor growing environment of cannabis. A ratio of photon number between a sum of the red and green light to the blue light is regulated in a range from 4.5 to 9.6. While maintaining the light intensity and other growth conditions, the yields and levels of CBD, secondary metabolites in cannabis, can be increased by up to 20.84%.

Novel devices and methods of capturing, controlling and preventing infestation of insects using microfabricated surfaces are provided. In particular, a mechanism of insect capture inspired by the microstructures of the leaf surfaces of plants and the key features of those surfaces with respect to the capture and control of pests have been determined and engineered into a variety of microfabricated surfaces capable of reproducing the effectiveness of these physical capture methods.