Compounds of the present invention, and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof, are useful as modulators of ATP-Binding Cassette (“ABC”) transporters or fragments thereof, including Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (“CFTR”). The present invention also relates to methods of treating CFTR mediated diseases using compounds of the present invention.

Disclosed herein are methods of treating pulmonary disorders comprising administering to the patient an effective dose of a nebulized liposomal amikacin formulation for at least one treatment cycle, wherein: the treatment cycle comprises an administration period of 15 to 75 days, followed by an off period of 15 to 75 days; and the effective dose comprises 100 to 2500 mg of amikacin daily during the administration period.

The present invention provides a film-form preparation having a rapid dissolution profile in the mouth and sufficient film strength, and also having excellent appearance and feel. More specifically, the present invention provides a film-form preparation including: a water-soluble and a polar organic solvent-soluble edible polymer; and polar organic solvent-insoluble drug particles.

Compounds of formula I are provided, which are JAK inhibitors and are useful for the treatment of JAK-mediated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, COPD and cancer. ##STR00001##

The invention related to dry powders that contain a therapeutic agent. The dry powders have characteristics, e.g., they are processable and/or dense in therapeutic agent that provide advantages for formulating and delivering therapeutics agents to patients.

The invention is concerned with the compounds of formula I or II: ##STR00001##
and salts thereof. In addition, the present invention relates to methods of manufacturing and methods of using the compounds of formula I or II as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds. The compounds may be useful in treating diseases and conditions mediated by TRPA1, such as pain.

The present invention relates to pharmaceutical aerosols comprising a β-hairpin peptidomimetic of formula cyclo(-OctG-Glu-Thr-Ala-Ser-Ile-Pro-Pro-Gln-Lys-Tyr-.sup.DPro-Pro-), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having inhibitory activity against human neutrophil elastase. It further relates to solid or liquid pharmaceutical compositions and kits for preparing and administering such aerosols. The invention can be used for the prevention, management or treatment of pulmonary diseases, such as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), cystic fibrosis (CF), non-cystic fibrosis bronchiactasis (NCFB), or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or infections, or diseases, or conditions of the lungs, being mediated by or resulting from human neutrophil elastase activity. Thus, the invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition or a pharmaceutical aerosol comprising the active compound cyclo(-OctG-Glu-Thr-Ala-Ser-Ile-Pro-Pro-Gln-Lys-Tyr-.sup.DPro-Pro-), or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in a method for the prevention, management or treatment of diseases or conditions of the lungs being mediated by or resulting from human neutrophil elastase activity in a subject.

The present invention relates to pharmaceutical aerosols comprising a β-hairpin peptidomimetic of formula cyclo(-OctG-Glu-Thr-Ala-Ser-Ile-Pro-Pro-Gln-Lys-Tyr-.sup.DPro-Pro-), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having inhibitory activity against human neutrophil elastase. It further relates to solid or liquid pharmaceutical compositions and kits for preparing and administering such aerosols. The invention can be used for the prevention, management or treatment of pulmonary diseases, such as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), cystic fibrosis (CF), non-cystic fibrosis bronchiactasis (NCFB), or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or infections, or diseases, or conditions of the lungs, being mediated by or resulting from human neutrophil elastase activity. Thus, the invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition or a pharmaceutical aerosol comprising the active compound cyclo(-OctG-Glu-Thr-Ala-Ser-Ile-Pro-Pro-Gln-Lys-Tyr-.sup.DPro-Pro-), or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in a method for the prevention, management or treatment of diseases or conditions of the lungs being mediated by or resulting from human neutrophil elastase activity in a subject.

A transdermal therapeutic system for administering at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient, including a polymer-based layer which is remote from the skin with a rate of application of at least 80 g/m.sup.2, and an adhesive skin-contact layer which is adjacent to the polymer-based layer remote from the skin and is based on acrylate copolymers with a rate of application of not more than 50 g/m.sup.2. The at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient is present in both the polymer-based layer remote from the skin and the skin-contact layer.

The present invention relates to the field of antimicrobial agents. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of aerosolized fluoroquinolones formulated with divalent or trivalent cations and having improved pulmonary availability for the treatment and management of bacterial infections of the lung and upper respiratory tract.