Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) compositions and EPA-rich polar lipids for prophylactic or therapeutic applications are described. Production from certain cultured micro-organisms (like Nitzschia laevis) promotes synthesis of EPA, including polar lipids including EPA. The EPA-rich polar lipids themselves may be used as polar compounds. EPA can be selectively hydrolyzed from particular positions in isolated polar lipids by lipase activity, then optionally further purified. The process bypasses reliance on diminishing fish stocks and on physico-chemical processes that may not adequately separate desirable n-3 HUFAs from unwanted products like DHA also found in fish oil and cultured organisms.

The present invention relates to methods of synthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, in recombinant cells such as yeast or plant cells. Also provided are recombinant cells or plants which produce long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a group of new enzymes which possess desaturase or elongase activity that can be used in methods of synthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. In particular, the present invention provides ω3 destaurases, Δ5 elongases and Δ6 desaturases with novel activities. Also provided are methods and DNA constructs for transiently and/or stably transforming cells, particularly plant cells, with multiple genes.

Provided are a method of treating or preventing infection with hepatitis B virus in a human or animal, comprising administering to the human or animal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a phenylisoxazolyl methylene-naphthalene-ether derivative having a structure of formula (I); use of a phenylisoxazolyl methylene-naphthalene-ether derivative having a structure of formula (I) in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for anti-hepatitis B vims and a pharmaceutical composition for anti-hepatitis B virus.

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The present invention relates to novel medicinal and/or pharmaceutical urinary, extended-release alkalizing composition advantageously a tablet for the oral treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) and/or for general alkalization of the human body for long term where according to the subject matter of the invention the composition is potassium free, the composition has a sustained and/or controlled release dosage form and comprises following components advantageously with certain consistence: Citric acid, Sodium citrate, Magnesium citrate, and comprises following components advantageously with a certain consistence as excipients: Aerosil, Avicel DG, Benecel hypromellose microcrystalline cellulose (HPMC) as grade, advantageously Benecel K100M PH DC HPMC and Magnesium stearate. The subject matter of the present invention relates furthermore to novel medicinal and/or pharmaceutical urinary, extended-release alkalizing composition wherein a single administered dose of the composition achieves a therapeutic alkalizing concentration for providing a neutral pH value of the urine between values of 6.9 to 7.5 advantageously 7.38 in an individual for 12 hours. According to the release kinetics of the active ingredient of the composition the final conclusion is that the sustained and/or controlled release tablet according to the invention provides in vivo constant and continuous therapeutic concentration in case of 2×1 daily dosage. The subject matter of the present invention furthermore relates to the process for the formulation of the composition according to the invention because during the homogenization of the above described active ingredients a special formulation process is needed for avoiding liquefaction and the formation of eutectic.

The present invention relates to a process for producing ethyl esters of polyunsaturated fatty acids, comprising transesterifying triacylglycerols in extracted plant lipid.

Described herein are methods and compositions for the use of treating and/or preventing vaginal bacterial infection and promoting healthy vaginal flora. Aspects of the invention relate to administering to a subject in need thereof a composition comprising a bacterial mixture of L. crispatus, L. gasseri, and L. jensenii.

Thus, the present invention provides a composition in powder form comprising highly dispersed silica particles, polymethylsiloxane particles, and a cationic surfactant, wherein at least 25% by weight of the cationic surfactant is present in primary polymethylsiloxane particles carrying the cationic surfactant on their surface and/or in agglomerates of these primary particles.

Methods of treating or suppressing mitochondrial diseases, such as Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON), mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactacidosis, stroke (MELAS), or Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (KSS) are disclosed, as well as compounds useful in the methods of the invention, such as alpha-tocopherol quinone. Methods and compounds useful in treating other disorders are also disclosed. Energy biomarkers useful in assessing the metabolic state of a subject and the efficacy of treatment are also disclosed. Methods of modulating, normalizing, or enhancing energy biomarkers, as well as compounds useful for such methods, are also disclosed.

The disclosures herein relate to novel compounds of formula

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wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 and n are defined herein, and their use in treating, preventing, ameliorating, controlling or reducing the risk of inflammation, neurological or psychiatric disorders associated with modulating mGlu5 receptor function.

A method for identifying the risk of developing Chronic Allograft Nephropathy (CAN) in a patient that received a kidney transplant from a donor which comprises identifying the race of the donor; determining the levels of SHROOM 3 expression in a kidney biopsy specimen obtained from the patient at a predetermined time after transplant; comparing the level of SHROOM 3 expression in the biopsy specimen with the levels of SHROOM 3 expression in a control; determining if the level of SHROOM 3 expression in the allograft is significantly higher than in the control, and diagnosing the patient as being at risk for CAN if the level of SHROOM 3 expression in the specimen is significantly higher than in the control.