Provided herein are 6-carboxylic acids of benzimidazoles and 4-aza-, 5-aza-, 7-aza- and 4,7-diaza-benzimidazoles as GLP-1R agonists, processes to make said compounds, and methods comprising administering said compounds to a mammal in need thereof.

Provided herein are 6-carboxylic acids of benzimidazoles and 4-aza-, 5-aza-, 7-aza- and 4,7-diaza-benzimidazoles as GLP-1R agonists, processes to make said compounds, and methods comprising administering said compounds to a mammal in need thereof.

An object of the present invention is to provide a compound having an anti-inflammatory activity or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof. The solution of the present invention is a compound of general formula (1) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof. ##STR00001##
wherein the symbols in the formula are defined below:
A: e.g., Benzene, E: e.g., —CH.sub.2—, G: e.g., a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring, X: e.g., cyclohexane, J: e.g., a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring, Y: e.g., a phenyl group, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3: e.g., a halogen atom, R.sup.4: e.g., a C1-C6 alkyl group, R.sup.5: e.g., a hydrogen atom, R.sup.6a, R.sup.6b, R.sup.6c, R.sup.6d: e.g., a hydrogen atom, R.sup.7: e.g., a hydrogen atom, R.sup.8: e.g., a hydrogen atom, n.sup.1, n.sup.2, n.sup.3: e.g., 1.

Anti-alpha-synuclein antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof (e.g., scFvs) are provided. Also provided are methods of using the same in therapy.

This invention refers to a pharmaceutical composition that comprises the synergic combination of a NSAID, such as the active ingredient: S-ketorolac of tromethamine and a GABA derivative agent, such as the active ingredient: gabapentin, which are formulated with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients in a single dosing unit to be administered by oral, parenteral, topical, transdermal means or with the use of transdermal, oral or nasal inhalation devices, which is indicated for the treatment of neuropathic and/or nociceptive pain caused by different etiologies.

This invention refers to a pharmaceutical composition that comprises the synergic combination of a NSAID, such as the active ingredient: S-ketorolac of tromethamine and a GABA derivative agent, such as the active ingredient: gabapentin, which are formulated with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients in a single dosing unit to be administered by oral, parenteral, topical, transdermal means or with the use of transdermal, oral or nasal inhalation devices, which is indicated for the treatment of neuropathic and/or nociceptive pain caused by different etiologies.

The present invention relates to a DNA construct encoding one or more human IGF-1 isoforms that can be used for treatment of neuropathy. Further provided herein are a pharmaceutical composition including the DNA construct as an active ingredient and a method of administering the DNA construct for treatment of neuropathy. The present invention provides a safe and effective way of treating neuropathic patients.

The present invention relates to a DNA construct encoding one or more human IGF-1 isoforms that can be used for treatment of neuropathy. Further provided herein are a pharmaceutical composition including the DNA construct as an active ingredient and a method of administering the DNA construct for treatment of neuropathy. The present invention provides a safe and effective way of treating neuropathic patients.

A peptide is described herein that has: (i) a simple structure compared to existing natural human erythropoietin, thus capable of easily passing through a tissue-blood barrier, (ii) excellent bioactivity with respect to cell-protecting activity, (iii) a low manufacturing cost, thus being economically advantageous, and (iv) no side effects on cell proliferation. Also, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the erythropoietin-derived peptide described herein as an active ingredient is described. The pharmaceutical composition may be used for preventing or treating cell damage-related illnesses, such as stroke, mechanical damage or ischemic damage to the nervous system, myocardial infarction, retinal damage, and diabetes. Also, the described pharmaceutical composition may be used for preventing cell damage.

The present invention relates to epiregulin antibodies, compositions comprising the same, and methods of making and/or using the antibodies and/or compositions thereof for chronic pain disorders such as chronic osteoarthritis pain, or chronic diabetic peripheral neuropathy pain, or chronic low back pain.