The therapeutic uses of febuxostat or febuxostat derivatives and compositions comprising febuxostat or febuxostat derivatives to promote neurogenesis for the treatment of disease.

The therapeutic uses of febuxostat or febuxostat derivatives and compositions comprising febuxostat or febuxostat derivatives to promote neurogenesis for the treatment of disease.

Provided is a 2-heteroaryl aminoquinazolinone derivative, which is a compound represented by formula (1):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein X.sup.1 represents CR.sup.1 or N, X.sup.2 represents CR.sup.2 or N, X.sup.3 represents CR.sup.3 or N, X.sup.4 represents CR.sup.4 or N, Y represents optionally substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C.sub.3-10 alicyclic group, an optionally substituted 4- to 10-membered nitrogen-containing non-aryl heterocycle, optionally substituted C.sub.6-10 aryl, or optionally substituted 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, Z represents optionally substituted 6- to 10-membered heteroaryl, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, halogen, cyano, optionally substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, or the like.

The present invention relates to 1-(2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine derivatives and related compounds of Formula (I): wherein A, B, G, R.sup.1, R.sup.1b, R.sup.1C, R.sup.2 and X are as defined herein. The present compounds are vasopressin receptor antagonists (in particular of the Via receptor) for the treatment of neuro-psychological disorders, such as e.g. autism, anxiety, stress-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. The present description discloses the synthesis of exemplary compounds, as well as pharmacological data thereof (e.g. pages 71 to 246; examples 1 to 49; tables 1 to 5). An exemplary compound is e.g. 8-chloro-1-(2-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)-5-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine (example 1, compound no. 1).

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to 1-(2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine derivatives and related compounds of Formula (I): wherein A, B, G, R.sup.1, R.sup.1b, R.sup.1C, R.sup.2 and X are as defined herein. The present compounds are vasopressin receptor antagonists (in particular of the Via receptor) for the treatment of neuro-psychological disorders, such as e.g. autism, anxiety, stress-related disorders, depression, schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. The present description discloses the synthesis of exemplary compounds, as well as pharmacological data thereof (e.g. pages 71 to 246; examples 1 to 49; tables 1 to 5). An exemplary compound is e.g. 8-chloro-1-(2-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl)-5-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine (example 1, compound no. 1).

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a heat shock protein expression-inducing agent, more specifically, a heat shock protein expression-inducing agent comprising a compound represented by formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R is a lower alkyl, phenyl, or hydroxyphenyl, or a salt thereof.

The present invention provides a heat shock protein expression-inducing agent, more specifically, a heat shock protein expression-inducing agent comprising a compound represented by formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R is a lower alkyl, phenyl, or hydroxyphenyl, or a salt thereof.

Described herein are methods for modulating a transsynaptic signal through a neuroepithelial circuit between a gut sensory cell and the brain, as well as methods that involve modulating a transsynaptic signal through a neuroepithelial circuit between a gut sensory cell and the brain. In one aspect, the transsynaptic signal is modulated by glutamate or ATP.

The present invention provides a Lactobacillus composition and a use thereof for improving anxiety caused by antibiotics, wherein the Lactobacillus composition comprises Lactobacillus plantarum GMNL-141, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020, Lactobacillus acidophilus GMNL-185, or a combination thereof. The Lactobacillus composition can effectively improve imbalance of an individual's intestinal flora caused by antibiotics to help stabilize and increase species richness and increase the synthesis of mood-stabilizing compounds, including flavonoids, flavonols, isoquinoline alkaloids, niacinamide, nicotinamide, and short-chain fatty acids in intestine, and thus effectively improve antibiotic-induced with anxiety disorders.

The present invention provides a Lactobacillus composition and a use thereof for improving anxiety caused by antibiotics, wherein the Lactobacillus composition comprises Lactobacillus plantarum GMNL-141, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GM-020, Lactobacillus acidophilus GMNL-185, or a combination thereof. The Lactobacillus composition can effectively improve imbalance of an individual's intestinal flora caused by antibiotics to help stabilize and increase species richness and increase the synthesis of mood-stabilizing compounds, including flavonoids, flavonols, isoquinoline alkaloids, niacinamide, nicotinamide, and short-chain fatty acids in intestine, and thus effectively improve antibiotic-induced with anxiety disorders.