A security paper for manufacturing value documents has a planar substrate equipped on one surface with an anti-forgery means based on a carrier foil having an optically variable security feature. The anti-forgery means and a partial substrate area surrounding the anti-forgery means is furnished with a dirt-repellent radiation-curing first lacquer substantially not influencing the perceptibility of the optically variable security feature. The layer thickness of the lacquer lying is in a range of 0.7 to 2 micrometers. The radiation-curing first lacquer is may be a UV-cross-linking lacquer which after cross-linking is high-gloss. The substrate can be furnished on its surface lying outside the anti-forgery means with a dirt-repellent second lacquer and optionally partly overlaps the first lacquer in the region of the partial substrate area surrounding the anti-forgery means. The second lacquer involves either a physically drying, water-based dispersion lacquer, or a UV-cross-linking lacquer, and has a matt impression.

A security device is presented, including: an array of focusing elements, each focusing element being adapted to focus light in at least two orthogonal directions, the focusing elements being arranged on a regular two-dimensional grid; and an array of elongate image elements overlapping the array of focusing elements, configured such that each focusing element can direct light from any one of a respective set of at least two elongate image elements to the viewer, in dependence on the viewing angle. In a first region of the security device, the elongate image elements extend along a first direction, and in a second region of the security device, the elongate image elements extend along a second direction which is different to the first direction.

A security device is presented, including: an array of focusing elements, each focusing element being adapted to focus light in at least two orthogonal directions, the focusing elements being arranged on a regular two-dimensional grid; and an array of elongate image elements overlapping the array of focusing elements, configured such that each focusing element can direct light from any one of a respective set of at least two elongate image elements to the viewer, in dependence on the viewing angle. In a first region of the security device, the elongate image elements extend along a first direction, and in a second region of the security device, the elongate image elements extend along a second direction which is different to the first direction.

A data carrier having at least one optically variable element, at least one surface element, and at least one security element comprising at least part of the at least one optically variable element and at least part of the at least one surface element. The at least one surface element is configured to guide impinging electromagnetic radiation towards the at least one optically variable element. The data carrier is configured such, that electromagnetic radiation is impinging on the at least one surface element under at least a first arrival angle when the data carrier is seen under a first observation angle, and such, that electromagnetic radiation is impinging on the at least one surface element under at least a second arrival angle being different from the first arrival angle when the data carrier is seen under a second observation angle being different from the first observation angle. The at least one optically variable element is configured to reflect at least a first reflection spectrum upon impingement of the electromagnetic radiation being impinging on the at least one surface element under the first arrival angle, whereby the at least one security element appears according to at least a first appearance, and is further configured to reflect at least a second reflection spectrum upon impingement of the electromagnetic radiation being impinging on the at least one surface element under the second arrival angle, whereby the at least one security element appears according to at least a second appearance being different from the first appearance.

A data carrier having at least one optically variable element, at least one surface element, and at least one security element comprising at least part of the at least one optically variable element and at least part of the at least one surface element. The at least one surface element is configured to guide impinging electromagnetic radiation towards the at least one optically variable element. The data carrier is configured such, that electromagnetic radiation is impinging on the at least one surface element under at least a first arrival angle when the data carrier is seen under a first observation angle, and such, that electromagnetic radiation is impinging on the at least one surface element under at least a second arrival angle being different from the first arrival angle when the data carrier is seen under a second observation angle being different from the first observation angle. The at least one optically variable element is configured to reflect at least a first reflection spectrum upon impingement of the electromagnetic radiation being impinging on the at least one surface element under the first arrival angle, whereby the at least one security element appears according to at least a first appearance, and is further configured to reflect at least a second reflection spectrum upon impingement of the electromagnetic radiation being impinging on the at least one surface element under the second arrival angle, whereby the at least one security element appears according to at least a second appearance being different from the first appearance.

A flexible band configured to be connected to a data page and to a booklet, wherein the flexible band extends along a main direction and includes an upper side and a lower side as well as a plurality of apertures, wherein the flexible band includes at least one security element, wherein the security element is provided by at least one security print pattern; or the security element is provided by at least one security thread; or the security element is provided by at least one security print pattern in combination with at least one security thread.

A flexible band configured to be connected to a data page and to a booklet, wherein the flexible band extends along a main direction and includes an upper side and a lower side as well as a plurality of apertures, wherein the flexible band includes at least one security element, wherein the security element is provided by at least one security print pattern; or the security element is provided by at least one security thread; or the security element is provided by at least one security print pattern in combination with at least one security thread.

A security document and a method of forming a security document are disclosed. The method comprises: (a) providing a security document substrate having a security article integrated within or attached thereto, the security article being exposed within an aperture region in the security document substrate, the security article comprising a first optical effect layer that is visible within the aperture region, and; (b) applying, in said aperture region within which the security article is exposed, an array of substantially transparent refractive structures on the exposed security article, wherein the array of refractive structures cooperates with the first optical effect layer to exhibit a first optically variable effect.

A structure for secure containment of information (SSCI) that is in the form of a laminate which includes at least two layers. The laminate is constructed to contain information such as a code, serial number, informational feature, encryption key or personal identification number (PIN). The information is located between the layer of the laminate such that the code, serial number, informational feature, encryption key, or PIN is not detectable from outside the laminate. The SSCI is configured to provide access and expose the code, serial number, informational feature, encryption key, or PIN by delaminating at least one layer, thereby indicating that tampering has occurred to the laminate. The SSCI can also function as a public key or private key for a blockchain, to provide access to a physical lock or to provide account access to claim financial value.

A multilayer body with a carrier and a layer arranged thereon which comprises electrically conductive material in such an arrangement comprises an information area and a background area (18) which are galvanically separated from each other. In each information area a first zone (10) with electrically conductive material is provided, over the entirety of which electrically conductive material is conductively connected to it. In each background area a plurality of second zones with electrically conductive material is provided, which are galvanically separated from each other. Each first zone (10) preferably occupies a surface area that is at least five times larger than each of the second zones. The electrically conductive material is preferably provided with an average surface coverage which varies over all information areas and background areas (18) by less than 25%. A homogeneous appearance of the multilayer body is thereby ensured, and an item of information provided in the information area, provided by the shape, size and/or alignment of the first zone, is not visible without aids, and therefore cannot be copied.