Provided herein are Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, useful for the treatment of, for example, central nervous system and metabolic diseases and disorder.

Combinations and methods for treating a subject experiencing or at risk of experiencing an undesired consequence of stimulant use are provided. The combinations include topiramate and phentermine. The methods include administering an effective dose of a combination of topiramate and phentermine to a subject. In some embodiments, the methods include administering an effective dose of a combination of topiramate and phentermine to a subject with cocaine use disorder.

Combinations and methods for treating a subject experiencing or at risk of experiencing an undesired consequence of stimulant use are provided. The combinations include topiramate and phentermine. The methods include administering an effective dose of a combination of topiramate and phentermine to a subject. In some embodiments, the methods include administering an effective dose of a combination of topiramate and phentermine to a subject with cocaine use disorder.

Described herein are neuroactive steroids of the Formula (II): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein A, R.sup.1, R.sup.2a, R.sup.2b, R.sup.3a, R.sup.3b, R.sup.4a, R.sup.4b, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and are as defined herein. Such compounds are envisioned, in certain embodiments, to behave as GABA modulators. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the present invention and methods of use and treatment, e.g., such for inducing sedation and/or anesthesia.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides compositions and methods for light-activated cation channel proteins and their uses within cell membranes and subcellular regions. The invention provides for proteins, nucleic acids, vectors and methods for genetically targeted expression of light-activated cation channels to specific cells or defined cell populations. In particular the invention provides millisecond-timescale temporal control of cation channels using moderate light intensities in cells, cell lines, transgenic animals, and humans. The invention provides for optically generating electrical spikes in nerve cells and other excitable cells useful for driving neuronal networks, drug screening, and therapy.

A method for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a neurological and/or neuropsychiatric disorder associated with altered dopamine function comprising administering to the eye of a patient in need thereof an effective amount of an agent that modulates neurotransmitter production or function.

The invention provides compounds of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof ##STR00001## wherein Ar′, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, X, Y are as defined in the description of invention, as multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) that are at the same time inhibitors of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme and modulators of the D3 dopamine receptor (D3DR), their methods of preparation, formulations and therapeutic applications thereof.

The invention relates to 3-((hetero-)aryl)-alkyl-8-amino-2-oxo-1,3-diaza-spiro-[4.5]-decane derivatives, their preparation and their use in medicine, particularly in the treatment of pain.

This invention relates to novel extended release pharmaceutical compositions of levetiracetam and preparations and characterizations thereof. This invention further relates to using these extended release pharmaceutical compositions of levetiracetam for the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with central nervous system (CNS) disorders in a subject in need or at risk thereof.

Methods and compositions for treating diseases or disorders of the nervous system using promoter-driven Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) and DREADD agonists are disclosed.