A torsion beam which is used in a suspension system of an automobile which is provided with a pair of arm members which extend in a front-rear direction of the automobile and are designed to be connected to a chassis of the automobile so as to be able to swing and to have wheels attached rotably to them is disclosed. The torsion beam is formed with a recess which extends in the longitudinal direction whereby that torsion beam has first and second leg parts in a plane vertical to the longitudinal direction and exhibits a substantially V-shaped or substantially U-shaped cross-sectional shape. The torsion beam is provided with connection parts which are provided at the two ends of that torsion beam and are connected to the arm members, a fixed shape part which is provided at a center part in the longitudinal direction of that torsion beam, and asymmetric shape parts which are provided between that fixed shape part and the connection parts. At the asymmetric shape parts, the depth of the recess becomes gradually deeper from the connection parts toward the fixed shape part and the first leg part has a larger width dimension than the width dimension of the second leg part.

Provided discloses an integrated axle assembly and structural assembly. The integrated axle assembly comprises an axle tube assembly extending in a first direction; a front support arm extending circumferentially from the axle tube assembly in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction for attachment to the frame; a rear support arm extending circumferentially from the axle tube assembly in a third direction away from the second direction for mounting a resilient assembly; and a brake base plate extending in a peripheral direction from the circumference of the axle tube assembly; the axle tube assembly, front bracket arm, rear bracket arm and brake base plate are molded in one piece, which improves the assembly efficiency.

Provided discloses an integrated axle assembly and structural assembly. The integrated axle assembly comprises an axle tube assembly extending in a first direction; a front support arm extending circumferentially from the axle tube assembly in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction for attachment to the frame; a rear support arm extending circumferentially from the axle tube assembly in a third direction away from the second direction for mounting a resilient assembly; and a brake base plate extending in a peripheral direction from the circumference of the axle tube assembly; the axle tube assembly, front bracket arm, rear bracket arm and brake base plate are molded in one piece, which improves the assembly efficiency.

The railway axle according to this disclosure has a pair of fitting portions and which each include a fitting portion hardened layer and a base metal portion, and a center parallel portion which includes a center parallel portion hardened layer and the base metal portion. The base metal portion has the chemical composition described in the description. In a region having the Vickers hardness of 480 HV or more in the center parallel portion hardened layer, a dislocation density obtained based on a CoK characteristic X-ray diffraction result is 2.510.sup.16 m.sup.2 or less, a half-value width B of the (211) diffraction plane is 1.34 degrees or less, and the dislocation density and the half-value width B of the (211) plane obtained by X-ray diffraction satisfy Formula (1).
(4.810.sup.16B+8.510.sup.16)/1.00(1)

The railway axle according to this disclosure has a pair of fitting portions and which each include a fitting portion hardened layer and a base metal portion, and a center parallel portion which includes a center parallel portion hardened layer and the base metal portion. The base metal portion has the chemical composition described in the description. In a region having the Vickers hardness of 480 HV or more in the center parallel portion hardened layer, a dislocation density obtained based on a CoK characteristic X-ray diffraction result is 2.510.sup.16 m.sup.2 or less, a half-value width B of the (211) diffraction plane is 1.34 degrees or less, and the dislocation density and the half-value width B of the (211) plane obtained by X-ray diffraction satisfy Formula (1).
(4.810.sup.16B+8.510.sup.16)/1.00(1)

A rigid axle having an axle carrier, at each of the axial longitudinal end regions of which one wheel hub assembly is disposed, wherein: each wheel hub assembly has a rotatable wheel flange; the axle carrier is dropped in a drop region located between its longitudinal end regions; an electromechanical functional module having an electric energy converter machine is disposed in the drop region, which electric energy converter machine is connected to at least one wheel flange for transmitting a rotation, so that the energy converter machine can be used as at least one of the functional units stated hereinafter: i) as an electric drive unit for transmitting torque onto the at least one wheel flange, and ii) as an induction unit which can be operated as a generator for generating electric energy by transmitting torque from the at least one wheel flange to the energy converter machine; the axle carrier having a dropped tubular component which is continuous between its longitudinal end regions.

A rigid axle having an axle carrier, at each of the axial longitudinal end regions of which one wheel hub assembly is disposed, wherein: each wheel hub assembly has a rotatable wheel flange; the axle carrier is dropped in a drop region located between its longitudinal end regions; an electromechanical functional module having an electric energy converter machine is disposed in the drop region, which electric energy converter machine is connected to at least one wheel flange for transmitting a rotation, so that the energy converter machine can be used as at least one of the functional units stated hereinafter: i) as an electric drive unit for transmitting torque onto the at least one wheel flange, and ii) as an induction unit which can be operated as a generator for generating electric energy by transmitting torque from the at least one wheel flange to the energy converter machine; the axle carrier having a dropped tubular component which is continuous between its longitudinal end regions.

A bicycle includes a transmission having two switchable drives between a driver body on which rear sprockets are positioned and a wheel hub of a rear wheel. The bicycle has actuation elements for switching between drives and operating elements for operating the actuation elements. The bicycle includes only a single front sprocket. The actuation elements are embodied in an electrical version and the operating elements are electrically coupled to the actuation elements. By advantageously selecting the drives of the driver between the cassette housing and wheel hub, a front derailleur may be omitted. The driver allows operation with only little energy, since the chain need not be shifted. consequently, the actuation elements require little energy for changing the drive between the crank axle and the wheel hub of the bicycle, so that it is pre-eminently suitable for these actuation elements and their operation to be executed as an electrical version.

A bicycle includes a transmission having two switchable drives between a driver body on which rear sprockets are positioned and a wheel hub of a rear wheel. The bicycle has actuation elements for switching between drives and operating elements for operating the actuation elements. The bicycle includes only a single front sprocket. The actuation elements are embodied in an electrical version and the operating elements are electrically coupled to the actuation elements. By advantageously selecting the drives of the driver between the cassette housing and wheel hub, a front derailleur may be omitted. The driver allows operation with only little energy, since the chain need not be shifted. consequently, the actuation elements require little energy for changing the drive between the crank axle and the wheel hub of the bicycle, so that it is pre-eminently suitable for these actuation elements and their operation to be executed as an electrical version.

An axle system and a condition monitoring system, having an axle end with a receiving region configured as a recess, wherein a measuring unit is arranged in the receiving region stationary relative to the axle end and fixed, wherein the measuring unit has an evaluation unit to which a plurality of sensors are connected, wherein at least one of the sensors is fixed at a distance from the evaluation unit at or in the axle end to measure local condition information of the axle end and to transmit it to the evaluation unit, wherein the evaluation unit is configured to process the local condition values and to calculate information on the condition of the axle end, wherein the measuring unit has a transmission module which is configured to transmit the information on the condition of the axle end to a central unit of the vehicle by wireless data transmission.