A production method of a wheel rim includes: a step of forming a cylindrical rim material into a rim shape; and a step of increasing a sheet thickness of at least one opening end edge of the rim material at least one of before and after the step of forming of the cylindrical rim material. In addition, in the step of increasing of the sheet thickness, in a state in which the opening end edge is inserted into an annular groove of a die provided with the annular groove which is wider than the sheet thickness of the opening end edge, a thickened portion is formed by exerting a compressive load in an axial direction of the rim material on the opening end edge.

Aluminum alloys described herein include silicon, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, and chromium. In various implementations, the aluminum alloys also include one or more of zinc and titanium. Typically, a total amount of iron and manganese in the aluminum alloys is no less than 0.28% by weight and no greater than 0.45% by weight, and the grains in the aluminum alloys have an average grain length of no greater than 6 mm. Aluminum alloy billets can be forged for wheel production at selected temperatures.

A hybrid rim of a wheel provided with a wheel hub motor of a motor vehicle includes a non-metal part and a metal part, wherein a rotor housing of the wheel hub motor at least partially forms the metal part of the hybrid rim.

A hybrid connection element, in particular a bearing outer element of a wheel bearing, includes a core part made of steel and a reinforcement part made of plastic. The reinforcement part at least partially encases the core part. The core part includes a hollow cylindrical bearing unit extending in an axial direction and a flange extending in a radial direction. The reinforcement part includes at least one reinforcement rib which transmits force between the bearing unit and the flange of the core part.

An axle housing assembly includes an axle housing that includes a center portion and a first arm portion that extends from the center portion. The axle housing assembly further includes a wheel end housing that includes a wheel end body that extends from the first arm portion and a spindle that extends from the wheel end body.

A road wheel for a tracked vehicle includes a first rim half and a second rim half operatively connected to the first rim half. The first rim half includes at least a first portion that is angled away from the second rim half. The second rim half includes at least a first portion that is angled away from the first rim half. A hollow cavity is formed between the first portion of the first rim half and the first portion of the second rim half.

A one-piece axle and a method of manufacture. The method may include providing a one-piece axle blank that has a shaft and a flange. The shaft may have a hole that may extend along an axis. The flange may extend radially outward from an end of the shaft. The shaft may be radially forged against a first mandrel to axially elongate the shaft.

A flanged wheel hub for wheel hub bearings, the wheel hub having a flange provided with a plurality of threaded through holes and, for each threaded through hole, a respective radial arm, which has a respective axial thickness (SAB) to act as a strengthening element for the flange, at least at the position of the threaded through holes, the wheel hub being produced by forging with the flange and the arms made in one piece, and also having, for each threaded through hole, an annular boss, which is also forged in one piece with the wheel hub and is arranged around, and penetrated by, the corresponding threaded through hole for the purpose of increasing the mechanical strength characteristics of the wheel hub.

A material and method for manufacturing components. The method includes squeeze casting the material into a component of a desired shape and flow-forming the component that has been squeeze cast to refine the shape of the component. The method also includes heat treating the component to enhance the microstructure of the component and machining the component to further refine the shape.

The invention provides a coating film having excellent adhesion, even without a chemical conversion film treatment being carried out as an undercoat treatment, and a metal automotive part having the coating film. A powder is deposited by powder-coating onto the surface of a metal automotive part that has been quenched after forging, and tempering of the metal automotive part and bake-hardening of the deposited powder are carried out simultaneously, thereby forming a skin film on the surface of the metal automotive part. The surface of the metal automotive part before the powder is powder-coated thereon is a work-hardened basis material surface that has been not subjected to a chemical conversion filming treatment.