Gas mixture used for ventilation of passengers and crew in emergency situations. Depending on the density altitude, it has 7±5% CO2 at 15,000 ft flying altitude increasing to 17±5% CO2 at 30,000 ft flying altitude. The carbon dioxide improves the bioavailability of oxygen in the body. The gas mixture is produced by additive dosage of CO2 to either pure O2 or to a gas mixture having a fraction of N2 and a fraction of O2. The method for ensuring good ventilation in case of loss of cabin pressure, or generally in case of hyperventilation, involves making the gas mixture above available via respiration masks. The use of such a gas mixture also for ensuring good ventilation of people with limited mobility, if such ventilation is required. The prescribed amount of onboard oxygen for aircraft can thus be reduced and flight routes leading directly over high-altitude terrain may be taken.

Gas mixture used for ventilation of passengers and crew in emergency situations. Depending on the density altitude, it has 7±5% CO2 at 15,000 ft flying altitude increasing to 17±5% CO2 at 30,000 ft flying altitude. The carbon dioxide improves the bioavailability of oxygen in the body. The gas mixture is produced by additive dosage of CO2 to either pure O2 or to a gas mixture having a fraction of N2 and a fraction of O2. The method for ensuring good ventilation in case of loss of cabin pressure, or generally in case of hyperventilation, involves making the gas mixture above available via respiration masks. The use of such a gas mixture also for ensuring good ventilation of people with limited mobility, if such ventilation is required. The prescribed amount of onboard oxygen for aircraft can thus be reduced and flight routes leading directly over high-altitude terrain may be taken.

Gas mixture used for ventilation of passengers and crew in emergency situations. Depending on the density altitude, it has 7±5% CO.sub.2 at 15,000 ft flying altitude increasing to 17±5% CO.sub.2 at 30,000 ft flying altitude. The carbon dioxide improves the bioavailability of oxygen in the body. The gas mixture is produced by additive dosage of CO.sub.2 to either pure O.sub.2 or to a gas mixture having a fraction of N.sub.2 and a fraction of O.sub.2. The method for ensuring good ventilation in case of loss of cabin pressure, or generally in case of hyperventilation, involves making the gas mixture above available via respiration masks. The use of such a gas mixture also for ensuring good ventilation of people with limited mobility, if such ventilation is required. The prescribed amount of onboard oxygen for aircraft can thus be reduced and flight routes leading directly over high-altitude terrain may be taken.

Gas mixture used for ventilation of passengers and crew in emergency situations. Depending on the density altitude, it has 7±5% CO.sub.2 at 15,000 ft flying altitude increasing to 17±5% CO.sub.2 at 30,000 ft flying altitude. The carbon dioxide improves the bioavailability of oxygen in the body. The gas mixture is produced by additive dosage of CO.sub.2 to either pure O.sub.2 or to a gas mixture having a fraction of N.sub.2 and a fraction of O.sub.2. The method for ensuring good ventilation in case of loss of cabin pressure, or generally in case of hyperventilation, involves making the gas mixture above available via respiration masks. The use of such a gas mixture also for ensuring good ventilation of people with limited mobility, if such ventilation is required. The prescribed amount of onboard oxygen for aircraft can thus be reduced and flight routes leading directly over high-altitude terrain may be taken.

A wearable device for comprehensive bio-monitoring of physiologic metrics to determine metabolic, pulmonary and cardiac function and oxygen saturation measurements from breathing mask apparatuses. The device non-invasively monitors the physiologic profile of the subject, and is capable of detecting physiologic changes, predicting onset of symptoms, and alerting the wearer or another person or system. In some embodiments, the device comprises both a wearable sensor suite and a portable gas composition and flow analysis system. In preferred embodiments, it comprises a miniaturized non-invasive sensor suite for detecting physiologic changes to detect dangerous breathing or other health conditions. The acquired physiologic profile is used to generate alarms or warnings based on detectable physiological changes, to adjust gas delivery to the subject, alter mission profiles, or to transfer control of the craft or other duties away from a debilitated subject. The device is compact, portable, vehicle independent and non-encumbering to the subject.

A wearable device for comprehensive bio-monitoring of physiologic metrics to determine metabolic, pulmonary and cardiac function and oxygen saturation measurements from breathing mask apparatuses. The device non-invasively monitors the physiologic profile of the subject, and is capable of detecting physiologic changes, predicting onset of symptoms, and alerting the wearer or another person or system. In some embodiments, the device comprises both a wearable sensor suite and a portable gas composition and flow analysis system. In preferred embodiments, it comprises a miniaturized non-invasive sensor suite for detecting physiologic changes to detect dangerous breathing or other health conditions. The acquired physiologic profile is used to generate alarms or warnings based on detectable physiological changes, to adjust gas delivery to the subject, alter mission profiles, or to transfer control of the craft or other duties away from a debilitated subject. The device is compact, portable, vehicle independent and non-encumbering to the subject.

A method of detecting hypoxia. Detecting hypoxia includes detecting, in exhaled breath, at least one indicator for hypoxia. The at least one indicator is selected from the group consisting of pentanal, 2-pentanone, 2-hexanone, 2-heptanone, 2-cyclopenten-1-one, and 4-butyrolactone.

A method of detecting hypoxia. Detecting hypoxia includes detecting, in exhaled breath, at least one indicator for hypoxia. The at least one indicator is selected from the group consisting of pentanal, 2-pentanone, 2-hexanone, 2-heptanone, 2-cyclopenten-1-one, and 4-butyrolactone.

An apparatus for preparing a ventilation gas mixture to a user comprises: a gas mixing device configured to receive oxygen through a first gas feed, the gas mixing device being further configured to received exhaled air from a person; a gas reservoir configured to receive the exhaled air from the gas mixing device through a second gas feed, wherein the gas reservoir is further configured to re-supply the exhaled air to the gas mixing device through the second gas feed; an altitude sensor configured to determine altitude information; a control system configured to receive the altitude information from the altitude sensor and further configured to control the flow of oxygen through the first gas feed based on the received altitude information; wherein the gas mixing device is arranged to combine the oxygen received through the first gas feed with the re-supplied exhaled air received through the second gas feed in order to prepare a ventilation gas mixture.

An apparatus for preparing a ventilation gas mixture to a user comprises: a gas mixing device configured to receive oxygen through a first gas feed, the gas mixing device being further configured to received exhaled air from a person; a gas reservoir configured to receive the exhaled air from the gas mixing device through a second gas feed, wherein the gas reservoir is further configured to re-supply the exhaled air to the gas mixing device through the second gas feed; an altitude sensor configured to determine altitude information; a control system configured to receive the altitude information from the altitude sensor and further configured to control the flow of oxygen through the first gas feed based on the received altitude information; wherein the gas mixing device is arranged to combine the oxygen received through the first gas feed with the re-supplied exhaled air received through the second gas feed in order to prepare a ventilation gas mixture.