The present invention discloses an air spring comprising a piston, a top plate, a clamp ring, a snap ring, and a flexible member which is affixed to the piston and the top plate, wherein the piston, the top plate and the flexible member define a pressurizable chamber, wherein the snap ring is affixed to the clamp ring, wherein the clamp ring affixes an upper portion of the flexible member to the top plate, wherein the clamp ring affixes the snap ring to the top plate, and wherein the top plate is affixed between the snap ring and the flexible member.

A hydraulic life actuator for adjusting a height of a vehicle includes: a damper tube including a closed end; a damper rod protruding from the damper tube opposite the closed end; a sliding spring seat disposed annularly around the damper tube and configured to engage a coil spring; a support collar disposed annularly around the damper tube and fixed to the sliding spring seat, wherein the support collar is configured to translate axially relative to the damper tube; a lifting bracket connected to the support collar and protruding radially from the support collar; and a hydraulic cylinder disposed adjacent and parallel to the damper tube and having a lift piston rod disposed extending outwardly therefrom, wherein the lift piston rod is connected to the lifting bracket and configured to actuate the sliding spring seat between a retracted position and an extended position spaced apart from the closed end.

A suspension apparatus and a method therefor are provided. The suspension apparatus includes a body connector including a main body connector provided with a body connection hole, and a carrier including a carrier hole which extends from the body connector and into which a wheel bearing is inserted, a caliper connector connected to a caliper, and a link connector connected to a link and configured to rotate with respect to the body connection hole.

A control arm for a wheel suspension in a motor vehicle has a control arm body made of light metal. The control arm body has two parallel side walls. An elongated hole for an eccentric mount is provided in at least one side wall. The eccentric mount has a base plate with an elongated hole. An anchor body extending on the side of the edge of the elongated hole is provided at the rear of the base plate. At the front, the base plate has two eccentric stops projecting from the base plate. The eccentric mount is inserted with the anchor body into the elongated hole of the side wall and joined by pressing into the elongated hole.

A suspension apparatus and a method therefor are provided. The suspension apparatus includes a body connector including a main body connector provided with a body connection hole, and a carrier including a carrier hole which extends from the body connector and into which a wheel bearing is inserted, a caliper connector connected to a caliper, and a link connector connected to a link and configured to rotate with respect to the body connection hole.

Provided is a shock absorber in which trivalent chromium is used to achieve both high hardness and low frictional force at a high level without using hexavalent chromium which is suspected of causing damage to the human body and the environment, and a method for manufacturing the shock absorber. A shock absorber (100) of the present invention includes: a cylinder (1) which is filled with hydraulic oil (3); a piston rod (2) which is movable in the cylinder (1); and an oil seal (8) which is fixed to the cylinder (1) and slides on the piston rod (2), in which a hard layer mainly containing chromium obtained from a trivalent chromium plating bath is provided on a surface of the piston rod (2), and the hard layer contains both a crystalline material and an amorphous material, and also contains an additive other than chromium.

A spring arrangement for suspending a wheel suspension element relative to a vehicle body includes a spring element extending along a torsion axis and having a multiplicity of torsion portions arranged one around another in radial succession. Adjacent torsion portions are predominantly separate from one another in each case, but connected in a rotationally fixed manner in certain regions by a connecting portion. An innermost torsion portion and an outermost torsion portion each have an attachment region and one attachment region is connected to the vehicle body and the other attachment region is connected to the wheel suspension element. A controllable actuator may act on different torsion portions of the spring element relative to the vehicle body and to set the characteristics of the spring arrangement.