A hydrodynamic heater includes an inlet port for receiving a stream of fluid from an external source and an outlet port for discharging a stream of heated fluid from the hydrodynamic heater. A hydrodynamic chamber operates to selectively heat fluid present within an interior region of the hydrodynamic chamber. The hydrodynamic chamber includes an inlet port and an outlet port located along an interior wall of the hydrodynamic chamber. The hydrodynamic chamber inlet port is fluidly connected to the inlet port of the hydrodynamic heater. The hydrodynamic heater includes a fluid metering device having an inlet fluidly connected to the hydrodynamic heater inlet port and an outlet fluidly connected to the inlet port of the hydrodynamic chamber.

A method of charging an electric vehicle, including: providing an external charging unit and an external cooling unit; connecting a battery power inlet on the vehicle to the charging unit via a power cable; connecting a heat exchange connector of a heat exchanger of the vehicle to the external cooling unit via a heat exchange duct; supplying a cooling medium from a coolant tank of the external cooling unit to the vehicle while providing a high level power input via the power cable during a peak charging time interval t.sub.pc; and supplying a cooling medium via a heat pump to the heat exchange connector while providing a second level power input via the power cable that is lower than the first level during a subsequent charging time interval t.sub.sc following on the peak charging time interval.

A thermal management system includes a refrigerant loop, a motor coolant loop, and a battery coolant loop. The refrigerant loop includes a first refrigerant main-line, a second refrigerant main-line, a first refrigerant branch, and a second refrigerant branch. The first refrigerant main-line includes a compressor, the second refrigerant main-line includes a cabin condenser, the first refrigerant branch includes a cabin evaporator, the second refrigerant branch includes a radiator. The first refrigerant main-line and the second refrigerant main-line selectively communicate with one of the first and second refrigerant branches. The battery coolant loop includes a coolant main-line, a first coolant branch connected to the cabin evaporator, a second coolant branch connected to the cabin condenser, and a third coolant branch. The coolant main-line selectively communicates with at least one of the first to third coolant branches. The battery coolant loop connects to the motor coolant loop in series or in parallel.

The cooling pack assembly includes, a shroud, a fan, a first heat exchanger, and a second heat exchanger. The shroud has a plurality of sidewalls including a main sidewall. The shroud further defines an aperture. The fan is disposed within the aperture. The fan is configured to rotate about a rotational axis. The rotational axis is normal to a plane defined by the main sidewall. The first heat exchanger is disposed on at least one of the plurality of sidewalls. The first heat exchanger has a first cross-sectional area substantially parallel to the plane. The second heat exchanger is disposed on at least one the plurality of sidewalls. The second heat exchanger has a second cross-sectional area substantially parallel to the plane. The second cross-sectional area is less than the first cross-sectional area, and the first heat exchanger is disposed between the fan and the second heat exchanger.

A vehicle air conditioning apparatus includes: a refrigerant circuit that adjusts a temperature or a humidity of air in a vehicle compartment, including a compressor, indoor heat exchangers, an outdoor heat exchanger, and expansion valves; a first heat medium circuit that allows a first heat medium absorbing heat released from a first heat releasing body to flow therethrough; a second heat medium circuit that allows a second heat medium absorbing heat released from a second heat releasing body to flow therethrough; a first heat medium heat releasing unit that performs a heat exchange between the refrigerant and the first heat medium to release the heat from the first heat medium to the refrigerant; and a second heat medium heat releasing unit that performs a heat exchange between the first heat medium and the second heat medium to release the heat from the second heat medium to the first heat medium.

An in-vehicle temperature adjustment system includes: a refrigeration circuit including an inter-medium heat exchanger and a vaporizer that vaporizes the cooling medium to achieve a refrigeration cycle by circulating a cooling medium; a thermal circuit including a heater core, the inter-medium heat exchanger, an engine thermal circuit, and a radiator to circulate the heating medium; and a controller that controls a distribution state of the heating medium. The thermal circuit includes: a first branch portion at which a coolant flowing out of the engine thermal circuit and the inter-medium heat exchanger is divided into coolants flowing into the heater core and into the radiator; a second branch portion at which a coolant flowing out of the heater core is divided into coolants flowing into the inter-medium heat exchanger and into the engine thermal circuit; a first adjustment valve and a second adjustment valve.

Provided are a heat exchanger that makes it possible to supply air of an appropriate temperature to a plurality of blowing ports of an air-conditioning unit, an air-conditioning unit that comprises the heat exchanger, and an air conditioner. This air-conditioning unit 10 comprises a heat exchanger 20 that exchanges heat between air and a coolant, a blower 11, and an air outflow part 12. The heat exchanger 20 comprises a plurality of tubes 21 in which the coolant flows, an inlet header 23, an outlet header 24, and a fin 22. The inlet header 23 includes: a low-temperature-side coolant inflow part 231 into which coolant that has a relatively low temperature can flow; and a high-temperature-side coolant inflow part 232 into which coolant that has a relatively high temperature can flow. The low-temperature-side coolant inflow part 231 and the high-temperature-side coolant inflow part 232 are offset from each other in the direction D1 of the flow of air that passes through the heat exchanger and in an intersecting direction D2 that intersects the direction D1 of the flow of air.

Provided are a defrosting control device, an air conditioner and a defrosting control method therefor. The device includes an airbag device, wherein the airbag device includes a mounting support (1), an airbag (2) and an inflation mechanism. When an air conditioner to be controlled enters a defrosting mode, the inflation mechanism inflates the airbag (2) such that same forms an airbag layer to isolate an outdoor heat exchanger of the air conditioner to be controlled from flowing air outside the outdoor heat exchanger. The defrosting control device can achieve the beneficial effects of a small defrosting heat loss, a good defrosting effect and a good user experience.

An air conditioner is configured to be switchable between a heating mode and a cooling mode. In the cooling mode, a high-temperature heat medium circulates between a high-pressure side refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger and a high-temperature heat medium-outside air heat exchanger in a state where a refrigerant circulates in an air-cooling heat exchanger. In the heating mode, the high-temperature heat medium circulates between the high-pressure side refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger and an air-heating heat exchanger, while a low-temperature heat medium circulates between a low-pressure side refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger and a low-temperature heat medium-outside air heat exchanger, in a state where the refrigerant circulates in the low-pressure side refrigerant-heat medium heat exchanger.

A heat pump system for a vehicle is provided and includes a cooling apparatus configured to circulate a coolant in a coolant line to cool at least one electrical component provided in the coolant line, a battery cooling apparatus configured to circulate the coolant in the battery module, a heating apparatus configured to heat a vehicle interior by using the coolant, and a chiller configured to adjust a temperature of the coolant by heat-exchanging the coolant with a refrigerant, wherein the chiller is connected to the chiller connection line through a third valve provided in the coolant line between the radiator and the second valve, and the reservoir tank is provided in the coolant line between the radiator and the second valve, and is connected to the supply line connecting a first valve and a first water pump through a supply line.