A heat circuit may include a controller configured to execute a first process and then a defrosting operation. The first process may be a process to execute a first air-heating operation and a heat storage operation simultaneously. The second process may be a process to execute a defrosting operation. The controller may be configured, in the first air-heating operation, to cause the radiator to heat a radiator passage and cause the air-heating apparatus to heat air using heat of a air-heating passage while circulating the heat medium in the radiator passage and the air-heating passage. The controller may be configured, in the heat storage operation, to circulate the heat medium in an electrical apparatus passage and a bypass passage. The controller may be configured, in the defrosting operation, to circulate the heat medium in the electrical apparatus passage and the radiator passage.

Technologies are described herein to prioritize delivery of power to electrical components associated with a vehicle and an electrically powered accessory. A power distribution unit may assess real-time power needs for the electrical storage system associated with the vehicle and electrical storage device of the electrically powered accessory and direct incoming power to the electrical storage system associated with the vehicle and the electrical storage device of the electrically powered accessory based on a prioritization of various factors.

Disclosed are air conditioning apparatus and system for electric motor vehicles, in which a sub-heat exchanger is provided between a heat exchanger and an electric heater, and the sub-heat exchanger is moved towards the heat exchanger or the electric heater so that heat is conducted to the sub-heat exchanger depending on whether or not the heat exchanger and the electric heater are operated depending on a heating condition, thereby increasing a heat dissipation area through the sub-heat exchanger during heating and thus being capable of improving heating performance.

In the present disclosure, heat sources for cooling and heating conditioning air are integrated as a coolant, both cooling performance and heating performance are ensured only by the coolant, and an entire package is reduced. That is, since a first air conditioning heat exchanger and a second air conditioning heat exchanger adjust a temperature of air, various types of air conditioning modes including cooling and heating modes may be implemented without using a separate temperature adjusting door. Accordingly, an overall size of an air conditioner is reduced. In addition, during cooling and heating processes, the first air conditioning heat exchanger and the second air conditioning heat exchanger are integrated and utilized. Therefore, the size of the heat exchanger may be reduced, the interior space may be ensured, and the air conditioning performance may be ensured without increasing a size of the heat exchanger.

an apparatus for controlling energy of a fuel cell vehicle, which may expand a usable range of an energy consuming device, may increase efficiency of heating and cooling, and may simplify a layout of the device. The apparatus includes a stack cooling line having a first coolant heated by a fuel cell stack and cooled by a first heat exchanger; a resistor cooling line having a second coolant heated by a braking resistor and cooled by a second heat exchanger; and a third heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between the first coolant of the stack cooling line and the second coolant of the resistor cooling line.

A vehicular heat management system includes a refrigerant circulation line configured to cool or heat a passenger compartment by generating a hot air or a cold air depending on a flow direction of a refrigerant, a cooling water circulation line configured to heat the passenger compartment with waste heat of an engine by allowing cooling water of the engine to circulate through a heater core, a refrigerant-cooling water heat exchanger disposed in the cooling water circulation line to allow the refrigerant and the cooling water to exchange heat, and an engine cooling water independent circulation unit configured to allow the cooling water passed through the engine to bypass the heater core and the refrigerant-cooling water heat exchanger.

Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for controlling electrical loads of a vehicle. The apparatus may include a high-voltage load that receives a high voltage from a high-voltage battery to perform an operation thereof, a low-voltage load that receives a low voltage from a low-voltage battery to perform an operation thereof, and a controller that mutually organically controls an output of the high-voltage load and an output of the low-voltage load based on a control level set by a user.

A vehicle oxygen generating system includes a heat source, a power source, a vehicle air handling assembly of a vehicle air conditioning system, an H.sub.2O source and an electrochemical oxygen producing device. The oxygen producing device is connected to the H.sub.2O source receiving H.sub.2O therefrom. The oxygen producing device uses heat from the heat source and electricity from the power source to produce H.sub.2 and O.sub.2 from H.sub.2O. The O.sub.2 produced by the oxygen producing device is directed to the vehicle air handling assembly and moved into a passenger compartment of a vehicle.

A heating system of a vehicle includes: a cooling line in which a radiator mounted with a cooling fan is provided; a heating line including a cooling water heater heating cooling water and an internal heater provided therein, and fluidly connected to the cooling line; a first branch line fluidly connecting a first portion of the cooling line and a first portion of the heating line, and including a first electrically powered water pump and an electric part; a second branch line fluidly connecting a second portion of the cooling line and a second portion of the heating line, and including a second electrically powered water pump; a first valve provided in the cooling line, the heating line, and a branch point of the first branch line; and a second valve provided in the cooling line, the heating line, and the branch point of the second branch line.

A method of charging an electric vehicle, including: providing an external charging unit and an external cooling unit; connecting a battery power inlet on the vehicle to the charging unit via a power cable; connecting a heat exchange connector of a heat exchanger of the vehicle to the external cooling unit via a heat exchange duct; supplying a cooling medium from a coolant tank of the external cooling unit to the vehicle while providing a high level power input via the power cable during a peak charging time interval t.sub.pc; and supplying a cooling medium via a heat pump to the heat exchange connector while providing a second level power input via the power cable that is lower than the first level during a subsequent charging time interval t.sub.sc following on the peak charging time interval.