An image decoding device includes a quantization parameter deriving unit configured to correct a value of a decoded quantization parameter of a target block depending on whether or not adaptive color transform has been applied to the target block, and then set, as the quantization parameter of the target block, the larger of the corrected value of the quantization parameter and a predetermined value of 0 or more.

Techniques for water electrolysis employing: a glass substrate layer; a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer including TCO electrical disconnects formed in the TCO; a photovoltaic (PV) layer including PV electrical disconnects formed in the PV layer, portions of the PV layer extending into the TCO electrical disconnects; a metal back contact (MBC) layer including MBC electrical disconnects formed in the MBC layer, portions of the MBC layer extending into the PV electrical disconnects; an insulating layer including insulating voids formed in the insulating layer to expose anode and cathode portions of the MBC layer, portions of the insulating layer extending into the MBC electrical disconnects; a metal conductor layer adjacent the insulating layer and including a metal conductor extending into insulating voids to form metal conductors electrically coupled to the exposed anode and cathode portions; catalyst coatings on the metal conductors electrically coupled to the anode and cathode portions.

The invention relates to a solar panel comprising: a transparent plate. back-contacted solar cells adhered to the transparent plate. a back-contact foil (302) electrically and mechanically connected to the solar cells, the back-contact foil equipped with a metallisation pattern facing the solar cells, a laminate attached to the back-contact foil. characterized in that the back-contact foil shows one or more flaps (304), the end of the flaps more removed from the transparent plate than from the laminate. The back-contact foil is embedded in encapsulant. By adding flaps to the back-contact foil, it is possible to have the end of the flaps extending out of the encapsulant. This enables, for example, the use of connectors for making electric contact to the end of the flaps.

An image decoding device includes a quantization parameter deriving unit configured to correct a value of a decoded quantization parameter of a target block depending on whether or not adaptive color transform has been applied to the target block, and then set, as the quantization parameter of the target block, the larger of the corrected value of the quantization parameter and a predetermined value of 0 or more.

Disclosed are a solar cell and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell includes: a solar cell, a substrate, a passivation contact layer, a doped layer, and a first passivation dielectric layer. The substrate has a first surface and a second surface arranged to be opposite to each other, and the first surface of the substrate includes a first region and a second region alternately arranged along a preset direction. The passivation contact layer is disposed in the first region and includes a tunneling layer and a doped conductive layer stacked and arranged in the first region of the first surface. The doped layer is disposed in the second region. The first passivation dielectric layer is disposed on a surface of the doped layer facing away from the substrate.

A solar battery according to the present embodiment has an electrode, which includes a metal and an adhesive material, formed in a conductive region including a polycrystalline semiconductor layer, and thus, the electrical characteristics of the solar battery may be improved and the manufacturing process thereof may be simplified. More specifically, the solar battery includes a semiconductor substrate, and the conductive region including the polycrystalline semiconductor layer is positioned on one surface of the semiconductor substrate.

The present disclosure relates to a photovoltaic module and a method for preparing the same. The method includes: printing a grid line paste on a semi-finished solar cell and sintering the grid line paste into a grid line precursor; performing a laser-induced contact treatment to form a metal grid line, and ensuring the metal grid line to extend through a passivation layer to be in a direct contact with a semiconductor layer; forming an enhancing conductive microstructure at a contact interface between the metal grid line and the semiconductor layer; placing an electrical connector on the metal grid line, and pressing the electrical connector, such that the electrical connector and the metal grid line have a conductive contact area; applying an adhesive to the conductive contact area; and laminating.

The present application discloses a back contact solar cell and a photovoltaic module. In one example, a back contact solar cell includes a semiconductor substrate, a first doped semiconductor part, a second doped semiconductor part, a first dielectric passivation layer, and a second dielectric passivation layer. Each of the first dielectric passivation layer and the second dielectric passivation layer includes a first passivation sub-layer having a field passivation function. A conductivity type of the first doped semiconductor part is opposite to that of fixed charges of the first passivation sub-layer. Each of the first dielectric passivation layer and the second dielectric passivation layer further includes a second passivation sub-layer having a chemical passivation function. The first passivation sub-layer of the first dielectric passivation layer includes a hydrogen-containing passivation layer. A portion of the hydrogen-containing passivation layer has micro-structures.

The present application discloses a back contact solar cell and a photovoltaic module. In one example, a back contact solar cell includes a semiconductor substrate, a first doped semiconductor part, a second doped semiconductor part, a first dielectric passivation layer, and a second dielectric passivation layer. Each of the first dielectric passivation layer and the second dielectric passivation layer includes a first passivation sub-layer having a field passivation function. A conductivity type of the first doped semiconductor part is opposite to that of fixed charges of the first passivation sub-layer. A thickness of the first passivation sub-layer included in the first dielectric passivation layer is greater than a thickness of the first passivation sub-layer included in the second dielectric passivation layer. Each of the first dielectric passivation layer and the second dielectric passivation layer further includes a second passivation sub-layer having a chemical passivation function.

The present disclosure provides a solar cell and a photovoltaic module, and relates to the field of solar cell technologies. In an implementation, the solar cell includes a semiconductor substrate, a tunnel oxide layer located on at least one surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a doped polysilicon layer located on a surface of the tunnel oxide layer away from the semiconductor substrate. At least part of a surface of the doped polysilicon layer away from the tunnel oxide layer is provided with silicon-containing protrusion particles. The photovoltaic module provided in the present application includes the solar cell.