An airbag apparatus for protecting a pedestrian. An unfolded airbag cushion includes a roof chamber part unfolded to cover a front part of a roof panel, left and right pillar chamber parts unfolded to cover front pillars, and a windshield chamber part unfolded to cover the entire surface of a windshield glass. The airbag apparatus is configured to protect the head and upper body of the pedestrian maximally and efficiently by using the roof chamber part, the pillar chamber parts, the windshield chamber part in a contact accident between a vehicle and a pedestrian and a cyclist.

A number of variations may include a product comprising an airbag mounted in a fender region laterally adjacent a hood and forward of a vehicle side door which provides a means for deployment through a discrete door to provide protection to a pedestrian from impacting the frontal area of a vehicle structure.

A number of variations may include a product comprising an airbag mounted in a fender region laterally adjacent a hood and forward of a vehicle side door which provides a means for deployment through a discrete door to provide protection to a pedestrian from impacting the frontal area of a vehicle structure.

A vehicular pedestrian protecting airbag device that is capable of suppressing increases in weight and cost accompanying reinforcement measures, and capable of maintaining good pedestrian protection performance of an upper face of a hood. An automobile pedestrian protecting airbag device is installed at a vehicle lower side of a rear end section of a hood at a vehicle rear side of a protruded portion. A pedestrian protecting airbag and an inflator are installed inside a module case. The inflator is attached to a bottom wall of the protruded portion by inflator attachment brackets each formed with an excess length portion at an intermediate portion. Accordingly, when the inflators attempt to move toward the vehicle front side due to deployment reaction force of the pedestrian protecting airbag, the excess length portions are compressed and deform to enable the deployment reaction force to escape.

A vehicular pedestrian protecting airbag device that is capable of suppressing increases in weight and cost accompanying reinforcement measures, and capable of maintaining good pedestrian protection performance of an upper face of a hood. An automobile pedestrian protecting airbag device is installed at a vehicle lower side of a rear end section of a hood at a vehicle rear side of a protruded portion. A pedestrian protecting airbag and an inflator are installed inside a module case. The inflator is attached to a bottom wall of the protruded portion by inflator attachment brackets each formed with an excess length portion at an intermediate portion. Accordingly, when the inflators attempt to move toward the vehicle front side due to deployment reaction force of the pedestrian protecting airbag, the excess length portions are compressed and deform to enable the deployment reaction force to escape.

A position estimation unit (2) comprising a first transceiver device (3) and a processing unit (10) that is arranged to repeatedly calculate time-of-flight (TOF) for radio signals (x.sub.1, x.sub.2, x.sub.3, x.sub.4, x.sub.5, x.sub.6) sent pair-wise between two transceivers among the first transceiver device (3) and at least two other transceiver devices (7, 8, 9); calculate possible positions for the transceiver devices (3, 7, 8, 9), which results in possible positions for each transceiver device (3, 7, 8, 9); and perform Multidimensional scaling (MDS) calculation in order to obtain relative positions of the transceiver devices (3, 7, 8, 9) in a present coordinate system. After two initial MDS calculations, between every two consecutive MDS calculations, the processing unit (10) is arranged to repeatedly perform a processing procedure comprising translation, scaling and rotation of present coordinate system such that a corrected present coordinate system is acquired. The processing procedure is arranged to determine the corrected present coordinate system such that a smallest change for the relative positions of the transceiver devices (3, 7, 8, 9) between the consecutive MDS calculations is obtained.

A position estimation unit (2) comprising a first transceiver device (3) and a processing unit (10) that is arranged to repeatedly calculate time-of-flight (TOF) for radio signals (x.sub.1, x.sub.2, x.sub.3, x.sub.4, x.sub.5, x.sub.6) sent pair-wise between two transceivers among the first transceiver device (3) and at least two other transceiver devices (7, 8, 9); calculate possible positions for the transceiver devices (3, 7, 8, 9), which results in possible positions for each transceiver device (3, 7, 8, 9); and perform Multidimensional scaling (MDS) calculation in order to obtain relative positions of the transceiver devices (3, 7, 8, 9) in a present coordinate system. After two initial MDS calculations, between every two consecutive MDS calculations, the processing unit (10) is arranged to repeatedly perform a processing procedure comprising translation, scaling and rotation of present coordinate system such that a corrected present coordinate system is acquired. The processing procedure is arranged to determine the corrected present coordinate system such that a smallest change for the relative positions of the transceiver devices (3, 7, 8, 9) between the consecutive MDS calculations is obtained.

A vehicle includes a body. The body includes a front pillar and a front-end structure spaced from the front pillar. The front-end structure includes a grille. The body includes a hood extending from the front pillar to the front-end structure. An airbag is mounted to the front-end structure adjacent to the grille and is inflatable to an inflated position. The airbag includes an upper portion inflatable along the front-end structure and the hood to the inflated position. A pyrotechnic actuator is disposed at the front pillar. The pyrotechnic actuator is positioned to pull the upper portion across the hood towards the front pillar during inflation.

A vehicle includes a body. The body includes a front pillar and a front-end structure spaced from the front pillar. The front-end structure includes a grille. The body includes a hood extending from the front pillar to the front-end structure. An airbag is mounted to the front-end structure adjacent to the grille and is inflatable to an inflated position. The airbag includes an upper portion inflatable along the front-end structure and the hood to the inflated position. A pyrotechnic actuator is disposed at the front pillar. The pyrotechnic actuator is positioned to pull the upper portion across the hood towards the front pillar during inflation.

A collision mitigation system makes use of ladar sensors to identify obstacles and to predict unavoidable collisions therewith, and a duplex radio link in communication with secondary vehicles, and a number of external airbags deployable under the control of an airbag control unit, to reduce the forces of impact on the host vehicle, secondary vehicles, and bipeds and quadrupeds wandering into the roadway. A suspension modification system makes use of ladar sensors to identify road hazards, and make adaptations to a number of active suspension components, each with the ability to absorb shock, elevate or lower the vehicle, and adjust the spring rate of the individual wheel suspensions.