Semiconductor devices are disclosed. A semiconductor device may include a hybrid transistor configured in a vertical orientation. The hybrid transistor may include a gate electrode, a drain material, a source material, and a channel material operatively coupled between the drain material and the source material. The source material and the drain material include a first material and the channel material includes a second, different material.

A transistor that is to be provided has such a structure that a source electrode layer and a drain electrode layer between which a channel formation region is sandwiched has regions projecting in a channel length direction at lower end portions, and an insulating layer is provided, in addition to a gate insulating layer, between the source and drain electrode layers and a gate electrode layer. In the transistor, the width of the source and drain electrode layers is smaller than that of an oxide semiconductor layer in the channel width direction, so that an area where the gate electrode layer overlaps with the source and drain electrode layers can be made small. Further, the source and drain electrode layers have regions projecting in the channel length direction at lower end portions.

Oxide layers which contain at least one metal element that is the same as that contained in an oxide semiconductor layer including a channel are formed in contact with the top surface and the bottom surface of the oxide semiconductor layer, whereby an interface state is not likely to be generated at each of an upper interface and a lower interface of the oxide semiconductor layer. Further, it is preferable that an oxide layer, which is formed using a material and a method similar to those of the oxide layers be formed over the oxide layers Accordingly, the interface state hardly influences the movement of electrons.

To provide a semiconductor device which has transistor characteristics with little variation and includes an oxide semiconductor. The semiconductor device includes an insulating film over a conductive film and an oxide semiconductor film over the insulating film. The oxide semiconductor film includes a first oxide semiconductor layer, a second oxide semiconductor layer over the first oxide semiconductor layer, and a third oxide semiconductor layer over the second oxide semiconductor layer. The energy level of a bottom of a conduction band of the second oxide semiconductor layer is lower than those of the first and third oxide semiconductor layers. An end portion of the second oxide semiconductor layer is positioned on an inner side than an end portion of the first oxide semiconductor layer.

A Schottky barrier device is provided herein that includes a TMD layer on a substrate, a graphene layer on the TMD layer, an electrolyte layer on the TMD layer, and a source gate contact on the electrolyte layer. A drain contact can be provided on the TMD layer and a source contact can be provided on the graphene layer. As ionic gating from the source gate contact and electrolyte layer is used to adjust the Schottky barrier height this Schottky barrier device can be referred to as an ionic control barrier transistor or ionic barristor.

A manufacturing method of a semiconductor device in which the threshold voltage is adjusted is provided. The semiconductor device includes a first semiconductor, an electrode electrically connected to the first semiconductor, a gate electrode, and an electron trap layer between the gate electrode and the first semiconductor. By performing heat treatment at higher than or equal to 125 C. and lower than or equal to 450 C. and, at the same time, keeping a potential of the gate electrode higher than a potential of the electrode for 1 second or more, the threshold voltage is increased.

A method for manufacturing a dual gate oxide semiconductor TFT substrate utilizes a halftone mask to implement a photo process, which not only accomplishes patterning to an oxide semiconductor layer but also obtains an oxide conductor layer with ion doping. The method implements patterning to a bottom gate isolation layer and a top gate isolation layer at the same time with one photolithographic process. The method implements patterning to second and third metal layers at the same time to obtain a first source, a first drain, a second source, a second drain, a first top gate and a second top gate with one photolithographic process. The method implements patterning to a second flat layer, a passivation layer and a top gate isolation layer at the same time with one photolithographic process. The number of photolithographic processes involved is reduced to nine so as to simplify the manufacturing process.

A method for fabricating a transistor is provided. The method includes providing a semiconductor substrate; and forming at least a nanowire suspending in the semiconductor substrate. The method also includes forming a channel layer surrounding the nanowire; and forming a contact layer surrounding the channel layer. Further, the method includes forming a trench exposing the channel layer and surrounding the channel layer in the contact layer; and forming a potential barrier layer on the bottom of the trench and surrounding the channel layer. Further, the method also includes forming a gate structure surrounding the potential barrier layer and covering portions of the contact layer; and forming a source and a drain region on the contact layer at two sides of the gate structure, respectively.

An organic light-emitting display apparatus, including a substrate; a first electrode on the substrate; a second electrode on the first electrode; a first organic emissive layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first organic emissive layer to emit a first light; a second organic emissive layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the second organic emissive layer to emit a second light having a different color from the first light; an auxiliary layer on the second electrode, the auxiliary layer having a refractive index equal to or higher than about 2.2; and a charging layer on the auxiliary layer.

A highly reliable semiconductor device including an oxide semiconductor is provided by preventing a change in its electrical characteristics. A semiconductor device which includes a first oxide semiconductor layer which is in contact with a source electrode layer and a drain electrode layer and a second oxide semiconductor layer which serves as a main current path (channel) of a transistor is provided. The first oxide semiconductor layer serves as a buffer layer for preventing a constituent element of the source and drain electrode layers from diffusing into the channel. By providing the first oxide semiconductor layer, it is possible to prevent diffusion of the constituent element into an interface between the first oxide semiconductor layer and the second oxide semiconductor layer and into the second oxide semiconductor layer.