A solar cell supporting layer stack for mechanically supporting a solar cell is described. The solar cell includes: a rigid foam layer; one or more skin layers disposed adjacent to said rigid foam layer; and wherein said rigid foam layer and said one or more skin layers capable of providing mechanical support to said solar cell when said supporting layer stack is disposed adjacent to said solar cell.

Material and antireflection structure and methods of manufacturing are provided that produce efficient photovoltaic power conversion from thin film solar cells on flexible substrates. Step-graded antireflection structures are placed on the front of the device structure. Materials of different energy gap are combined in the depletion region of at least one of the semiconductor junctions within the thin film device structure. Conductive, low refractive index layers are deposited on the bottom of the thin film device structure to form an omni-directional back reflector contact.

Provided are a resin composition for solar cell encapsulant which contains an ethylene/-olefin and is satisfactory in terms of crosslinkability, heat resistance, transparency, and impact resistance, a solar cell encapsulant formed from the resin composition, and a solar cell module obtained using the resin composition. Provided are a resin composition for solar cell encapsulant and the likes, which comprises an ethylene/-olefin copolymer (A) having the following properties (a1) to (a3) and organic peroxide (B): (a1) a branch number derived from comonomer (N) and a total number of vinyl and vinylidene (V) in the ethylene/-olefin copolymer satisfy the following relationship of expression (1): NV10, wherein N and V are the number, as determined by NMR, per total of 1,000 carbon atoms contained in the main chain and side chain, (a2) an MFR (190 C., 21.18-N load) is 0.1-100 g/10 min, and (a3) a density is 0.860-0.920 g/cm.sup.3.

A first composition (A) contains (i) at least one compound (I) selected from the group consisting of triallyl isocyanurate, and triallyl cyanurate, wherein the compound (I) is preferably triallyl isocyanurate; and (ii) at least one urea compound. A second composition (B) contains the first composition (A) and at least one polyolefin copolymer. Composition (B) is used for producing a film for encapsulating an electronic device, in particular a solar cell.

The present disclosure provides a process. In an embodiment, the process includes providing an aqueous pigment-polyolefin dispersion (P-P dispersion) and applying a grid-pattern of the aqueous P-P dispersion onto a rear encapsulant film. The process includes drying the grid-pattern into a grid layer to form a gridded rear encapsulant film. The process includes placing a plurality of photovoltaic cells and a front encapsulant film onto the gridded rear encapsulant film to form a stack, and laminating the stack to form a reflective photovoltaic (PV) module. The present disclosure also provides a reflective photovoltaic module produced by the process.

The manufacture of a photovoltaic module includes providing a first layer having a skew shape, manufacturing a second layer having a skew shape, and then placing a stack further including photovoltaic cells and at least one encapsulating material in an assembly mold varying between a closure configuration delimiting a predetermined air gap and an opening configuration. In an assembly step, where the closure configuration of the assembly mold is adopted, the temperature within the stack is maintained at an operating temperature comprised between 70 C. and 180 C., and preferably between 80 C. and 150 C., during an assembly period adapted as a function of the at least one encapsulating material so that the at least one encapsulating material undergoes melting at least partially and to create an encapsulating assembly capable of adhering to the plurality of photovoltaic cells and to the first layer and/or to the second layer.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solar cell module and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method includes: providing a solar cell string; arranging welding strips on a back surface of the solar cell string; arranging a first encapsulant material on a back surface of the welding strip, to form a first encapsulant material layer; on the back surface of the solar cell string, arranging a second encapsulant material in a local region corresponding to at least one welding strip, to form a second encapsulant material layer; and laminating to form a laminate member. The manufacturing method can reduce the thickness of the encapsulant film on the back surface of the solar cell, and reduce the distance between the back plate material and the solar cell string, and is capable to fully protect the welding strip.

Provided is an encapsulant film composition; including an ethylene/alpha-olefin copolymer and a crosslinking aid comprises a compound represented by Formula 1 below, an encapsulant film, and a solar cell module thereof. When an encapsulant film is produced using the encapsulant film composition, the immersing time of an ethylene/alpha-olefin copolymer is reduced so that the economic viability of a process of producing an encapsulant film can be improved. In addition, the encapsulant film composition produced exhibits excellent crosslinking degree. wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.6 are described herein.

A first plurality of roofing shingles installed in a first plurality of rows on a roof deck, and a second plurality of roofing shingles installed in a second plurality of rows. An edge of one of the second roofing shingles in each of the second rows is offset from the edge of another one of the second roofing shingles in another adjacent one of the second rows. An edge of a first photovoltaic shingle is juxtaposed with the edge of a first roofing shingle of the second roofing shingles in a first row of the second rows. The edge of at least another photovoltaic shingle in at least one of another row of the second rows is substantially aligned with the edge of the first photovoltaic shingle. An additional roofing shingle is installed intermediate one of the second roofing shingles and one of the photovoltaic shingles.

The present disclosure relates to an encapsulation adhesive film for a solar cell, comprising a transparent layer in contact with a cell sheet, and a first adhesive film layer in contact with the transparent layer, wherein raw materials of the first adhesive film layer comprise the following components: a resin and a colored filler with a mass ratio of 3 to 25:1, a cross-linking agent accounting for 0.1% to 5% of the total mass of the resin and the colored filler, an auxiliary cross-linking agent accounting for 0.1% to 1% of the total mass of the resin and the colored filler, a coupling agent accounting for 0.1% to 1% of the total mass of the resin and the colored filler, a light stabilizer accounting for 0.1% to 1% of the total mass of the resin and the colored filler, and a photo initiator accounting for 0.1% to 5% of the total mass of the resin and the colored filler. The present disclosure can effectively prevent a white substance from overflowing.