A light converter, and lights and displays incorporating the light converter are disclosed together with methods of making the light converter. The light converter has a substrate having a first layer of phosphor particles disposed on an area of one surface of the substrate. The first layer has a thickness of about 1 monolayer of phosphor particles, and the phosphor particles in the first layer form a uniform and dense layer. The thickness of the substrate can be between about 25 m and about 500 m in embodiments intended to be flexible and between about 0.5 mm and 2 mm in embodiments that can be formed into rigid shapes. The screen weight of the phosphor particles is between about 0.5 mg/cm.sup.2 and about 40 mg/cm.sup.2. The substrate can include a base layer and an adhesive layer.

There is provided an illumination device (100) comprising an energy source (102) for exciting a photon emitter; a first wavelength conversion layer (104) and a second wavelength conversion layer (106). At least one of the first and second wavelength conversion layer comprises a periodic plasmonic antenna array comprising a plurality of individual antenna elements (108). The wavelength converting medium in the wavelength conversion layer in which the antenna array is arranged comprises photon emitters arranged in close proximity of the plasmonic antenna array such that at least a portion of photons emitted from the wavelength conversion layer are emitted by a coupled system comprising the photon emitter and the plasmonic antenna array. The plasmonic antenna array is configured to support plasmonic-photonic lattice resonances at a frequency range corresponding to the wavelength range of the photon emitter in the layer in which the plasmonic antenna array is arranged, such that light emitted from the plasmonic antenna array has an anisotropic angle distribution.

A color-conversion structure includes an article comprising a color-conversion material disposed within a color-conversion layer. At least a portion of a tether is within or extends from the article. The color-conversion structure can be disposed over a sacrificial portion of a substrate to form a micro-transfer printable device and micro-transfer printed to a display substrate. The color-conversion structure can include an light-emitting diode or laser diode that is over or under the article. Alternatively, the article is located on a side of a display substrate opposite an inorganic light-emitting diode. A display includes an array of color-conversion structures disposed on a display substrate.

A light emitting device includes a light emitting element, a wavelength converter, a light transmissive member, a light guider, and a light transmitting layer. The light emitting element has an element upper surface, an element lower surface, and an element side surface. The wavelength converter has a converter lower surface. The wavelength is provided to be connected to the light emitting element such that the converter lower surface faces the element upper surface. The converter lower surface has an exposed region that does not face the element upper surface. The light guider guides light from the light emitting element to the wavelength converter. The light guider covers the element side surface and the exposed region. The wavelength converter has a converter upper surface. The light transmitting layer has a layer lower surface facing the converter upper surface. The converter upper surface is smaller than the layer lower surface.

A light source using a wavelength conversion member is increased in brightness. A wavelength conversion element 11 includes a plurality of wavelength conversion members 12 bundled together, each containing a dispersion medium and phosphor powder dispersed in the dispersion medium.

A light-emitting device includes a light-emitting element, a sealing material for sealing the light-emitting element, a phosphor particle having an average particle size of not more than 20 nm and dispersed in the sealing material, a dispersed particle dispersed in the sealing material and forming a three-dimensional network structure in the sealing material, and a light-scattering particle dispersed in the sealing material, having an average particle size greater than that of the phosphor particle and that of the dispersed particle, and having a refractive index greater than that of the sealing material. A concentration gradient of the phosphor particle in a height direction is formed such that a concentration thereof increases according as a position thereof decreases. An average position of the phosphor particle is lower than that of the light-scattering particle.

Flip chip LEDs include a transparent substrate or carrier having an active material attached thereto and having a number of electrodes disposed along a common surface of the active material. The substrate may include a number of surface features disposed along a first surface adjacent the active material for improving light extraction from the active material, and includes a number of surface features along a second surface opposite the first surface for minimizing internal reflection of light through the substrate, thereby improving light extraction from the transparent substrate. The surface features on both surfaces may be arranged having a random or ordered orientation relative to one another. A plurality of such flip chip LEDs may be physically packaged together in a manner providing electrical connection with the same for a lighting end-use application.

Embodiments of the invention include a light emitting device (LED 10), a first wavelength converting material (13, in a matrix 14 to form a layer 12), and a second wavelength converting material (forming layer 16). The first wavelength converting material includes a nanostructured wavelength converting material. The nanostructured wavelength converting material includes particles having at least one dimension that is no more than 100 nm in length. The first wavelength converting material (13) is spaced apart from the light emitting device (10).

A white light-emitting device of the present invention includes a substrate (101); a diamond semiconductor layer (105) provided on the substrate (101), in which one or a plurality of p-type layers (102), a p-type or n-type layer (103), and one or a plurality of n-type layers (104) are laminated in this order from the substrate (101); a first electrode (106) provided on the layer (102) which injects an electric current; a second electrode (107) provided on the layer (104) which injects an electric current; and a fluorescent member (108) which coats a light emission extraction region of the surface of the diamond semiconductor layer.

A light emitting device includes a substrate, an electrode connection layer, an epitaxial structure and a plurality of pads. The substrate has an upper surface, a lower surface and a plurality of conductive through holes. The electrode connection layer is disposed on the upper surface of the substrate, and connects with the conductive through holes. An edge of the electrode connection layer is aligned with an edge of the substrate. The epitaxial structure is disposed on the electrode connection layer and electrically connected to the electrode connection layer. The pads are disposed on the lower surface of the substrate and connect with the conductive through holes.