There are provided an adhesive for a solar-cell back sheet having an excellent curing rate and being capable of exhibiting excellent adhesive performance by short-term aging, and also a polyol composition used for the adhesive, a solar-cell back sheet using the adhesive, and a solar-cell module using the sheet. The adhesive for a solar-cell back sheet contains, as essential components, at least one hydroxyl group-containing resin (A) selected from a polyester polyurethane polyol (A1), a polyester polyol (A2), a hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylic resin (A3), and a hydroxyl group-containing fluorocarbon resin (A4), a polyisocyanate (B), and a cyclic amide compound (C).

Arrangements of diodes and heat spreaders for solar modules are described. For example, a solar module may include a backsheet with a low profile, surface-mount diode disposed above the backsheet. A pair of ribbon interconnects is coupled to the low profile, surface-mount diode and may penetrate the backsheet.

A solar cell rear surface protection sheet having two or more substrates laminated together by means of an adhesive, the adhesive includes a urethane resin obtained by mixing an acrylic polyol, an isocyanate compound, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, and tin octylate. The acrylic polyol is obtained by polymerizing polymerizable monomers, which include a hydroxyl group-containing monomer and other monomers. The other monomers include acrylonitrile. The isocyanate compound includes both a xylylene diisocyanate monomer and hexamethylene diisocyanate isocyanurate, and the xylylene diisocyanate monomer is present in an amount of 20 to 40 wt %, and the hexamethylene diisocyanate isocyanurate is present in an amount of 80 to 60 wt %. The equivalent ratio of isocyanate groups of the xylylene diisocyanate monomer and the hexamethylene diisocyanate isocyanurate to hydroxyl groups of the acrylic polyol is 1.0 to 3.0.

A solar cell module includes a plurality of solar cells including a first solar cell and a second solar cell adjacent to each other, wherein each of the plurality of solar cells including at least one first current collector and at least one second current collector, wherein the at least one first current collector and the at least one second current collector being positioned on a non-light incident surface of each of the plurality of solar cells, which is opposite to a light incident surface of each of the plurality of solar cells, an insulating film having a conductive pattern part positioned on the insulating film, wherein the conductive pattern part including a first pattern which is connected to the at least one first current connector 161 of the plurality of solar cells and a second pattern which is connected to the at least one second current connector of the plurality of solar cells, wherein the first pattern being spaced apart from the second pattern; and an insulating sheet between the an insulating film and the non-light incident surface of the plurality of solar cells.

A solar cell module includes a solar cell panel and a first flame. The solar cell panel includes first and second substrates that are rectangular, and a photoelectric convertor. The first substrate includes a first extension portion and has: a first surface; a second surface on a back of the first surface; and a first A-side and a second A-side facing to each other. The second substrate has a third surface facing the second surface, a fourth surface on a back of the third surface, and a first B-side and a second B-side facing to each other. The photoelectric convertor is arranged between the second surface and the third surface. The first flame includes a first fixing portion that fixes an end of the first extension portion that extends more outside than the first B-side of the second substrate. The first fixing portion forms a groove with the second substrate.

A photovoltaic cell comprising a transparent front-plane, an opaque back-plane and an encapsulant resin wherein said back-plane comprises a polyester film comprising a base layer (B) comprising a crystallisable polyester and a heat-sealable layer (A) comprising an amorphous copolyester wherein: (i) said amorphous copolyester is derived from an aliphatic diol and a cycloaliphatic diol and at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid (ii) said polyester film is disposed in the photovoltaic cell such that layer (A) is in contact with the encapsulant resin.

The present application is directed to an assembly comprising an electronic device, and a multilayer film. The multilayer film comprises a barrier stack adjacent the electronic device; and a weatherable sheet adjacent the barrier stack opposite the electronic device. The assembly additionally comprises a protective layer in contact with the electronic device and the weatherable sheet. The present application allows for the combination of any of the disclosed elements.

The present disclosure relates to a solar cell that includes a first layer that includes a semiconductor and a second layer that includes at least one of an oxide, a carbide, a nitride, a fluoride, and/or a sulfide, where the second layer covers a surface of the first layer, the second layer has a thickness between about 400 nm and about 10 m, and the solar cell retains at least 95% of a starting power-conversion-efficiency (PCE) after exposure to a proton fluence of about 1E15 cm.sup.2 for protons having an energy between greater than zero KeV per proton and less than or equal to 0.05 KeV per proton.

A photovoltaic module incorporates a lamination including a back-sheet, an array of solar cells supported on the back-sheet, and a transparent protective covering over the array of solar cells. The solar cells are arranged in offset or staggered patterns on the back-sheet to present a more random and less rigid industrial appearance to an observer. In some cases, cleaved solar cell segments are arranged into groups that are staggered on the back-sheet. This allows for finer control of the net voltage produced by a module. In other embodiments, full single wafer solar cells are arranged into larger groups, which themselves are staggered on the back-sheet. In either case, the result is a photovoltaic module with an appearance that is more organic and acceptable to homeowners and architects than traditional modules having cells arranged in rigid aligned rows and columns.

A photovoltaic module incorporates a lamination including a back-sheet, an array of solar cells supported on the back-sheet, and a transparent protective covering over the array of solar cells. The solar cells are arranged in offset or staggered patterns on the back-sheet to present a more random and less rigid industrial appearance to an observer. In some cases, cleaved solar cell segments are arranged into groups that are staggered on the back-sheet. This allows for finer control of the net voltage produced by a module. In other embodiments, full single wafer solar cells are arranged into larger groups, which themselves are staggered on the back-sheet. In either case, the result is a photovoltaic module with an appearance that is more organic and acceptable to homeowners and architects than traditional modules having cells arranged in rigid aligned rows and columns.