A drive-train of a vehicle with at least a drive motor (1) and a transmission (2) in which at least one torque sensor (6, 6A) is provided for control purposes. The torque sensor (6, 6A) is integrated in a transmission component in order to determine, at the time, the applied torque.

Heat radiation base body 23 that is adjacent to electric motor unit EM and extends in direction of rotation shaft of electric motor is provided close to rotation shaft of electric motor. Board 24 of one electronic control unit of redundant system is fixed to heat radiation base body along direction in which heat radiation base body 23 extends with thermal conduction to heat radiation base body 23 allowed. Board 26 of the other electronic control unit of redundant system is fixed to heat radiation base body so as to face to board 24 of one electronic control unit of redundant system, with thermal conduction to heat radiation base body 23 allowed. Rotation position detection circuit board 22 to which neutral terminals 31 of electric motor for each phase are connected is provided between heat radiation base body 23 and motor housing 20.

A method of protecting a multi-function drive axle system from damage, comprising the steps of: determining the axle torque and speed from sensors positioned on the multi-function drive axle system; using the axle torque and speed to approximate damage values for the driveline of the multi-function drive axle system; comparing the approximated values of driveline damage with driveline damage durability targets; identifying if the approximated values of driveline damage exceed the driveline damage durability targets; and limiting the engine torque and/or speed to produce an axle torque and speed corresponding to driveline damage values that do not exceed the driveline damage durability targets.

Designs to package a magneto-elastic torque sensor in an automotive transmission for volume production applications are provided. A transfer case assembly includes a transfer case shaft having a magnetized region and a magnetic torque sensor, for detecting torque of the transfer case shaft, mounted on at least one bushing supporting the transfer case shaft. A drive axle assembly includes an axle housing, an input shaft having a magnetized region, and a magnetic torque sensor, for detecting torque of the input shaft, mounted to the axle housing.

Designs to package a magneto-elastic torque sensor in an automotive transmission for volume production applications are provided. A transfer case assembly includes a transfer case shaft having a magnetized region and a magnetic torque sensor, for detecting torque of the transfer case shaft, mounted on at least one bushing supporting the transfer case shaft. A drive axle assembly includes an axle housing, an input shaft having a magnetized region, and a magnetic torque sensor, for detecting torque of the input shaft, mounted to the axle housing.

A vehicle includes: (a) drive wheels; (b) an electric motor serving as a power source for driving the vehicle; (c) a power transmission apparatus configured to transmit a power of the electric motor toward the drive wheels; (d) an electric-insulation-performance determining portion configured to determine an electric insulation performance of an oil supplied to the electric motor and a lubrication required portion of the power transmission apparatus; and (e) a notification portion configured to notify a driver of the vehicle about the electric insulation performance of the oil which is determined by the electric-insulation-performance determining portion.

The disclosure relates to a steering control device and method for a vehicle and may provide a vehicle steering control device and method capable of doing exercise using the steering wheel of the vehicle to easily do exercise inside the vehicle while driving and preventing drowsy driving.

A self-monitoring and self-controlling smart irrigation system is provided. The smart irrigation system may include a plurality of tower control units, which tower control units include one or more processors, one or more memory units, and communication circuitry. The tower control units may be configured to determine one or more operational conditions of the smart irrigation system, to communicate to other tower control units the operational conditions, and to make adjustments based on the operational conditions. The tower control units may be configured for expedient and efficient replacement and maintenance in that they may be readily detachable from the smart irrigation system.

A power supply device, a method for controlling the same, and a vehicle power control system may prevent damage to electronic components as a reverse voltage preventer cuts off overcurrent flowing in a reverse direction when a reverse voltage is generated as a wire connecting a sensor is shorted.