A method for controlling a drive train of a hybrid vehicle which includes an internal combustion engine, an electric machine that is operated as a motor or generator, and a transmission. Energy is recovered in the overrun operation of the vehicle by operating the electric machine in generator mode. The transmission has at least one free-wheel-connected low forward gear that only transmits traction torque, and at least one free-wheel-free high forward gear. When the free-wheel-connected low forward gear is engaged and the vehicle transitions into the overrun operation, or the driver requests a transition into the overrun operation by selecting the free-wheel-connected low forward gear, an overrun torque is set via the free-wheel-free high forward gear by a generator operation of the electric machine for energy recovery. The overrun torque thereby substantially corresponds to an overrun torque of a free-wheel-free configuration of the free-wheel-connected low forward gear.

A vehicle drive apparatus includes a fluid coupling connected to an engine, and a rotating electric machine connected to the engine via the fluid coupling. The fluid coupling has an impeller to which torque having been output from the engine is input, and a turbine facing the impeller. The impeller rotates about a rotation axis. Torque having been output from the impeller is input to the turbine via a fluid. The turbine rotates about the rotation axis. The vehicle drive apparatus has a path provided between an output shaft of the engine and the impeller, the path through which torque having been output from the engine is transmitted to the impeller not via the turbine, and paths through which torque having been input to the impeller is output via the rotating electric machine, passing through a radially outside relative to the impeller with respect to the rotation axis from the impeller via the turbine.

A drive unit is disclosed. The drive unit includes a first drive source, a first torque converter, a second drive source, a second torque converter, and a transmission. A torque is inputted from the first drive source to the first torque converter. The first torque converter includes a first turbine. A torque is inputted from the second drive source to the second torque converter. The second torque converter includes a second turbine. The second turbine is coupled to the first turbine. The transmission is disposed between a drive wheel and both the first and second torque converters.

An electric powertrain includes a first electric motor that has an uninterrupted connection with a drive shaft of a vehicle. The electric powertrain further includes a second electric motor that has an interruptible connection with the drive shaft. In one form, this interruptible connection includes a clutch. The electric powertrain further includes a first gear train in the form of a first planetary gear and a second gear train in the form of a second planetary gear. To provide a compact configuration, the first electric motor and second electric motor are arranged in a centerline orientation with the drive shaft.

A selectable one-way clutch includes: a pocket plate; struts; a notch plate having a plurality of notches; and a selector plate that has a plurality of window holes. The strut includes a protrusion formed at a center thereof in a radial direction of the selectable one-way clutch. The selector plate has a cutout groove extending from an inner surface of the window hole along a formation direction of the protrusion. When the selectable one-way clutch is disengaged, the cutout groove is fitted on the protrusion, and the strut and the selector plate overlap each other in a rotational axis direction of the selectable one-way clutch.

A vehicle drive-force transmitting apparatus including: a mode switching clutch; a torque converter; a lock-up clutch included in the torque converter; a switching solenoid valve configured to output a switching pressure for switching an operating mode of the mode switching clutch between a one-way mode and a lock mode; and a lock-up clutch control valve configured to switch an operating state of the lock-up clutch between an engaged state and a released state. The mode switching clutch is to be placed in the lock mode when the switching pressure is supplied from the switching solenoid valve to the mode switching clutch. The lock-up clutch control valve is configured to receive the switching pressure supplied from the switching solenoid valve, and to switch the operating state of the lock-up clutch to the released state when the switching pressure is supplied to the lock-up clutch control valve.

A transaxle according to the present application may include: a transaxle case; an input member supported within the transaxle case; a gear drivingly connected to the input member within the transaxle case; an output member which is supported within the transaxle case and arranged at the inner peripheral side of the gear concentrically with the gear; a cage with a roller as a bidirectional overrunning clutch interposed between the inner periphery of the gear and the outer periphery of the output member within the transaxle case; and a drag mechanism provided within the transaxle case to apply rotational resistance to the cage to make the bidirectional overrunning clutch be engaged. The cage has a first end and a second end, which oppose each other in an axial direction of the output member. The first end of the cage is close to a first bearing which pivotally supports the output member to the transaxle case. The drag mechanism has a rotation member which is locked to the cage at the first end of the cage so as to be relatively non-rotatable, and a spring member for applying the rotational resistance to the rotation member.

An apparatus for driving an electric vehicle and a method of controlling the vehicle are disclosed. The apparatus for driving the electric vehicle includes a driving motor, a motor shaft, a first motor gear, a second motor gear, a first driving gear, a second driving gear, a driving shaft, a first clutch, and a second clutch. The second clutch is a selective one-way clutch that functions as a bearing or a one-way clutch based on an operation of an actuator. The one-way clutch is configured to connect the second driving gear and the driving shaft based on a relative speed between the second driving gear and the driving shaft.

A rear-wheel drive device 1 includes a first electric motor 102A and a second electric motor 102B, each of which includes an electric motor main body and a rotational-state-quantity detection device. The relative positions between the reference position MS1 of a stator 14A of the first electric motor 102A and the reference position RS1 of a resolver stator 93 of the first electric motor 102A and the relative positions between the reference position MS2 of a stator 14B of the second electric motor 102B and the reference position RS2 of a resolver stator 93 of the second electric motor 102B coincide with each other based on a rotational direction of the first electric motor 102A and the second electric motor 102B which is either the rotational direction during forward movement of a vehicle 3 or the rotational direction during backward movement.

Non-limiting examples of the present disclosure relate to generation and implementation of a new security protocol that is used to secure common data access transactions across distributed network examples. An exemplary proof of verification protocol is disclosed that implements consensus security mechanisms across a plurality of distributed nodes, which may be utilized to validate owners of data in common data access transactions. Extending principles of blockchain security to common data access transactions and Internet of Things (IoT) networking requires a solution that: improves speed in transactional processing; reduces computational complexity; and presents efficient, secure and repeatable validation for owners of data in distributed networking environments. An exemplary proof of verification protocol provides such technical advantages by validating both user-specific data for a subscriber of an application/service and session data for user activity (past and present) within the application/service.