Provided is a method of operating a blast furnace, including generating a regenerative methane gas using a blast furnace by-product gas, and blowing a blast gas and a reducing agent into the blast furnace from a tuyere, in which the blast gas is oxygen gas, the regenerative methane gas is used as at least part of the reducing agent, and the oxygen gas and/or the regenerative methane gas is preheated before being blown into the blast furnace from the tuyere.

The invention provides a powder-gas heat exchanger for exchanging heat between a powder stream and a gas stream in counter-current flow comprising a powder stream mass flow rate substantially equal to a gas stream mass flow rate in a vertical shaft heat exchanger. A hot gas stream may be adapted for use in heating a cool solids stream, or a cool gas stream may be adapted for use in cooling a hot solids stream.

The invention provides a powder-gas heat exchanger for exchanging heat between a powder stream and a gas stream in counter-current flow comprising a powder stream mass flow rate substantially equal to a gas stream mass flow rate in a vertical shaft heat exchanger. A hot gas stream may be adapted for use in heating a cool solids stream, or a cool gas stream may be adapted for use in cooling a hot solids stream.

The present disclosure relates to negative-carbon cement (NC2) production, which can be achieved by integrating carbon dioxide hydrogenation and methane pyrolysis into the cement manufacturing process, using hydrogen gas derived from methane pyrolysis as the fuel for heating, and converting any captured carbon dioxide into solid carbon. The solid carbon can be incorporated into building materials such as portland cement and gypsum boards, fixing the carbon to achieve cradle-to-gate emission reduction.

A total heat energy recovery system for furnace-process phosphoric acid is disclosed by the present disclosure. The system comprises a phosphorus burning tower, a hydration tower, an absorption tower, a Venturi tube, a demister, an induced draft fan, a deaerator, an economizer, a dilute acid circulating tank, a phosphoric acid pump, and a feedwater pump. In consideration of the whole process system, fresh soft water is deoxidized after being heated by an upper head of the phosphorus burning tower and a gas guide tube, and the deoxidized water is then pumped into the economizer by a high-pressure pump to recover the heat of the hydration tower and then enters a steam pocket of the phosphorus burning tower to generate medium-high pressure steam. Therefore, unified recovery of the heat of a furnace-process phosphoric acid device is achieved, the medium-high pressure steam is generated, the effective energy is improved.

A total heat energy recovery system for furnace-process phosphoric acid is disclosed by the present disclosure. The system comprises a phosphorus burning tower, a hydration tower, an absorption tower, a Venturi tube, a demister, an induced draft fan, a deaerator, an economizer, a dilute acid circulating tank, a phosphoric acid pump, and a feedwater pump. In consideration of the whole process system, fresh soft water is deoxidized after being heated by an upper head of the phosphorus burning tower and a gas guide tube, and the deoxidized water is then pumped into the economizer by a high-pressure pump to recover the heat of the hydration tower and then enters a steam pocket of the phosphorus burning tower to generate medium-high pressure steam. Therefore, unified recovery of the heat of a furnace-process phosphoric acid device is achieved, the medium-high pressure steam is generated, the effective energy is improved.

The present invention concerns an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a product from a raw material. The apparatus comprises a rotary kiln having a first rotary kiln end and a second rotary kiln end, and a cooling unit which is connected to the second rotary kiln end, wherein a process direction is provided leading through the rotary kiln from the first rotary kiln end to the second rotary kiln end and further through the cooling unit, wherein the cooling unit is configured to transport the product in the process direction through the cooling unit for cooling the product, the rotary kiln comprising a burning unit at the second rotary kiln end, the burning unit being configured to receive a flammable material and an ignition gas to create heat inside the rotary kiln and to produce a combustion gas containing carbon dioxide, the rotary kiln being configured to transport raw material received at the first rotary kiln end in the process direction towards the second rotary kiln end, and, by using the heat, to transform the raw material into the product and into a resigning gas comprising carbon dioxide, characterized in that the apparatus comprises a gas outlet configured to remove an exhaust gas comprising the resigning gas and the combustion gas from the rotary kiln, and that the cooling unit is configured to transport a cooling gas in the process direction over the product.

A calcination and cement production apparatus comprising a calciner configured to be heated by combustion of a carbon based fuel and a hydrogen peroxide oxidant composition is disclosed.

A calcination and cement production apparatus comprising a calciner configured to be heated by combustion of a carbon based fuel and a hydrogen peroxide oxidant composition is disclosed.

The invention relates to a furnace for the temperature treatment of goods, use of the furnace and a method for the temperature treatment of goods.