The present invention provides compositions and methods of inducing an immune response in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an immunologically-effective amount of a live Salmonella Typhi vector comprising a heterologous antigen from a pathogen, wherein the heterologous antigen comprises an outer membrane protein, an antigenic fragment thereof or a variant thereof, wherein the antigen is delivered to a mucosal tissue of the subject by an outer membrane vesicle.

The present invention provides vaccine compositions and methods of producing such compositions. Other embodiments of the invention include methods of treating a pathogen infection, methods of vaccinating a subject against a pathogen infection, and methods for treating an antibiotic-resistance bacterial infection in a subject in need thereof. In further embodiments, the invention includes methods of decreasing the level of a pathogen in a subject having a pathogen infection, methods of increasing the surviving rate of a subject having a pathogen infection, methods of reducing the level of pain associated with a pathogen infection, and methods of reducing the level of distress associated with a pathogen infection in a subject in need thereof. Novel scaffold compositions and opsonin-bound or lectin-bound pathogen compositions, and uses thereof, are also provided herein.

A vaccine delivery method is presented that includes a composition including as one component a slurry matrix that is a liquid at room temperature and a gel at physiological pH, physiological salt concentrations and/or physiological temperatures and as a second component one or more antigens. Also included are methods of inducing an immune response in a subject and vaccinating a subject by administering such compositions.

Heptose-1-monophosphate-7-derivatives are modifiable immunomodulators that can be used to prepare clinically active conjugate compounds. Such conjugate compounds are useful in modulating an immune response in a subject.

Provided herein is an E. coli O polysaccharide, O25B. Also provided herein are prokaryotic host cells containing enzymes (e.g., glycosyltransferases) used in O25B production. The host cells provided herein produce O25B bioconjugates, wherein said bioconjugates contain O25B linked to a carrier protein. Further provided herein are compositions, e.g., pharmaceutical compositions, including O25B and/or bioconjugates containing O25B. Such compositions can be used as vaccines against infection with ExPEC, and may further include one or more additional bioconjugates.

This disclosure provides a new vaccine composition and methods for its use. The composition contains an effective amount of each of: an aluminum hydroxide, a mono-phosphoryl lipid (MPL), and a whole glucan particles (WGP) but no an antigen that raises an immune response against a bacterial or fungal infection.

The field of extemporaneous preparation of vaccine compositions from lyophilized antigens. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to the use of cationic nanoparticles to render the lyophilized antigens more soluble without adding a lyophilization aid, with a view to extemporaneous use for administering a vaccine composition. In a particular embodiment, the present disclosure allows a vaccine formulation to be prepared or one or more valencies to be added to a previously formulated vaccine composition.

A method for treating a microbial infection, especially pneumonia, comprising administering an aqueous-ethanol extract of Thymus or Boswellia or a composition containing the extract. Aqueous-ethanol extracts of Thymus and/or Boswellia.

The invention provides methods of modulating an immune system in a vertebrate host for the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of infection by a first microbial pathogen in a target tissue, comprising administration at an administration site of an effective amount of an antigenic formulation comprising antigenic determinants specific for a second heterologous microbial pathogen.

A method for increase the presentation of ETEC CS6 antigen on a cell surface, comprising the step of contacting cells expressing said antigen with an aqueous solution comprising 0.6-2.2 percent phenol by weight, such that the presentation of said antigen is increased by at least 100%. A method for the manufacture of a killed whole cell vaccine for immunization against CS6-expressing ETEC. Cells and vaccines obtainable by the above methods.