An electroplating apparatus has a vessel for holding electrolyte. A head has a rotor including a contact ring for holding a wafer having a notch. The contact ring includes a perimeter voltage ring having perimeter contact fingers for contacting the wafer around the perimeter of the wafer, except at the notch. The contact ring also has a notch contact segment having one or more notch contact fingers for contacting the wafer at the notch. The perimeter voltage ring is insulated from the notch contact segment. A negative voltage source is connected to the perimeter voltage ring, and a positive voltage source connected to the notch contact segment. The positive voltage applied at the notch reduces the current crowding effect at the notch. The wafer is plated with a film having more uniform thickness.

A composition having an extract of seed of Emblica officinalis. Methods of preparing extract of seed of Emblica officinalis. An amla seed blend composition having various ratios of extracts of seeds of Emblica officinalis. Nutraceutical or pharmaceutical methods for decreasing the total cholesterol, decreasing triglyceride, decreasing blood glucose level, enhancing HDL-C levels, increasing the HDL-C level to total cholesterol ratio, lowering LDL-C levels, decreasing the CRP level, decreasing the intima media thickening, reducing hair fall in mammals especially human beings. The extract of seed of Emblica officinalis, or the amla seed blend composition is more effective compared to extracts prepared from fruits of Emblica officinalis.

An electrolyzed water production device produces electrolyzed water including hypochlorous acid by electrolyzing water including chloride ions, and includes an electrolytic cell through which water passes, and an electrode provided inside the electrolytic cell; and the electrode includes a catalyst layer including iridium oxide, tantalum oxide, and rhodium oxide, in which a proportion of a number of rhodium atoms included in the rhodium oxide to a sum of a number of iridium atoms included in the iridium oxide, a number of tantalum atoms included in the tantalum oxide, and the number of rhodium atoms is not less than 31% and not more than 60%.

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and a method for preparing a disinfectant or a cleaning agent according to an additive. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to an electrolysis apparatus comprising: an additive container to which an additive to be used for electrolysis is added; and a diaphragm-free electrolysis cell in which the electrolysis occurs, wherein, with respect to the electrolysis, water containing chloride ions (Cl.sup.), sodium chloride (NaCl) and a hydrochloric acid (HCl) aqueous solution are electrolyzed in the diaphragm-free electrolysis cell.

Photoelectrochemical cells including a cathode including alpha-hematite and a metal dichalcogenide, an anode including a conducting polymer, and an electrolyte.

Systems and methods for the recovery of noble metal from noble-metal-containing material are generally described. Certain embodiments related to systems and methods in which an electric current is transported between an electrode and the noble metal of a noble-metal-containing material to dissolve at least a portion of the noble metal from the noble-metal-containing material. The dissolved noble metal can subsequently be precipitated out of solution and recovered, according to certain embodiments. Noble metals can be recovered from any suitable noble-metal-containing material, including plated and/or filled scrap materials and/or other materials.

A system and method for generating hydrogen gas from an aqueous solution are disclosed herein. The system comprises a compartment with a working electrode for reducing water in response to an applied voltage to generate hydrogen and a redox-active electrode capable of reversibly undergoing oxidation and reduction. The system may further comprise a second compartment with a working electrode for generating oxygen and redox-active electrode electrically connectable to the redox-active electrode in the first compartment. The method comprises applying a voltage between a working electrode and a redox-active electrode of a system described herein and/or between comprising a working electrode of one compartment and a working electrode of a second compartment of a system described herein.

Provided are an artificial photosynthesis module electrode with high efficiency and an artificial photosynthesis module having the artificial photosynthesis module electrode.

The artificial photosynthesis module electrode has a first electrode that decomposes a raw material fluid with light to obtain a first fluid, a first conductive member connected to the first electrode, a second electrode that decomposes the raw material fluid with light to obtain the second fluid, and a second conductive member connected to the second electrode. The first electrode has a plurality of first electrode parts connected to the first conductive member and disposed with a gap in a first direction on a first plane. The second electrode has a plurality of second electrode parts connected to the second conductive member and disposed with a gap in the first direction on a second plane parallel to or identical to the first plane. The first electrode part and the second electrode part are alternately disposed with each other as seen from a second direction perpendicular to the first plane. An electrode spacing between the first electrode part and the second electrode part is more than 5 m and less than 1 mm.

A hydrogel is formed by a reaction which is induced, in an electrolytic solution, by an electrode product electrochemically generated by electrodes installed in the electrolytic solution. An apparatus including an electrolytic tank with a bottom surface on which a two-dimensional array of working electrodes is provided and a counter electrode installed in the electrolytic tank is prepared. An electrolytic solution containing a dissolved substance that causes electrolytic deposition of a hydrogel is housed in the electrolytic tank. By applying a predetermined voltage to one or more selected working electrodes of the two-dimensional array, a hydrogel with a two-dimensional pattern corresponding to the arrangement of the selected working electrodes is formed.

The present invention provides a method of generating organic compounds and an organic-compound-generating system capable of efficiently generating organic-compounds even under a low-temperature environment by controlling a pH of an aqueous solution within a range from 5 to 10 during electrolysis in a case generating organic compounds by electrolyzing the aqueous solution containing carbon dioxide.