Disclosed is a pipe-type electrolysis cell including: a pair of terminal electrodes including an outer electrode and an inner electrode that are electrically connected to each other at respective first ends thereof and separated from each other at respective second ends thereof; and a bipolar electrode installed between the terminal electrodes and electrically insulated the terminal electrodes.

A system and process for producing doped carbon nanomaterials is disclosed. A carbonate electrolyte including a doping component is provided during the electrolysis between an anode and a cathode immersed in carbonate electrolyte contained in a cell. The carbonate electrolyte is heated to a molten state. An electrical current is applied to the anode, and cathode, to the molten carbonate electrolyte disposed between the anode and cathode. A morphology element maximizes carbon nanotubes, versus graphene versus carbon nano-onion versus hollow carbon nano-sphere nanomaterial product. The resulting carbon nanomaterial growth is collected from the cathode of the cell.

A method of making an electrically conductive composite includes applying graphene oxide (27) to at least one non-conductive porous substrate (25) and then reducing the graphene oxide (27) to graphene via an electrochemical reaction. An electrochemical cell (10) for causing a reaction that produces an electrically conductive composite includes a first electrode (13), a second electrode (15), an ion conductive medium (17), electrical current in communication with the first electrode, and an optional third electrode having a known electrode potential. The first electrode (13) contains at least one layered electrocatalyst, which includes at least one non-conductive porous substrate (25) coated with graphene oxide (27) and at least a first and second active metal layer (29a, 29b) comprising a conductive metal in contact with the non-conductive porous substrate (25) coated with graphene oxide (27).

An electrochemical reaction device includes: a first electrolytic solution tank having a first storage part and a second storage part; a second electrolytic solution tank having a third storage part and a fourth storage part; a first reduction electrode layer immersed in a first electrolytic solution; a first oxidation electrode layer immersed in a second electrolytic solution; a first generator electrically connected to the first reduction electrode and the first oxidation electrode layer; a second reduction electrode layer immersed in a third electrolytic solution; a second oxidation electrode layer immersed in a fourth electrolytic solution; a second generator electrically connected to the second reduction electrode and the second oxidation electrode layer; and at least one flow path out of a first flow path connecting the first storage part and the fourth storage part and a second flow path connecting the second storage part and the third storage part.

A method for producing sodium hydroxide and/or chlorine by electrolyzing saltwater includes supplying saltwater to an anode chamber of a unit cell in a two-chamber type electrolytic cell, humidifying oxygen-containing gas in a humidifying chamber of the unit cell, and supplying humidified oxygen-containing gas generated in the humidifying chamber to a cathode chamber of the unit cell. The humidifying chamber is adjoined to and in heat exchange relation with the anode chamber or the cathode chamber in the unit cell, or is adjoined to and in heat exchange relation with an anode chamber or a cathode chamber in another unit cell adjacent to the unit cell. The oxygen-containing gas is humidified by generating water vapor with heat from the anode chamber or the cathode chamber adjoined to the humidifying chamber.

An oxy-hydrogen fuel system includes a fluid vessel partially filled with distilled water with graphene powder in the distilled water. A fluid pump is connected to the fluid vessel in a closed loop recirculation to recirculate the distilled water and suspend the graphene powder in the distilled water. A pair of electrodes located in the interior of the fluid vessel and submerged in the distilled water. An electrical power source is operatively connected to the pair of electrodes to generate oxy-hydrogen gas by electrolysis of the distilled water.

An oxyhydrogen gas supply equipment includes a gas supply unit, an allocating unit and a mixing unit. The gas supply unit includes an electrolysis device, and an oxygen gas delivery pipeline and a hydrogen gas delivery pipeline that are connected to the electrolysis device. The allocating unit includes a buffer tank connected to the oxygen gas delivery pipeline, and a throttle valve connected to the buffer tank and operable to regulate oxygen gas output therefrom. The mixing unit includes a mixing tank connected to the hydrogen gas delivery pipeline and throttle valve, an output pipeline connected to the mixing tank, and a detector for detecting oxygen gas content inside the mixing tank to regulate the oxygen gas output from the throttle valve.

An oxygen generation electrode includes: a conductive substrate; and an oxide film formed on a first surface of the conductive substrate and containing Ba, Sn, and La or Sb, wherein the oxide film has a first absorption edge in a visible light region and a second absorption edge in an infrared light region.

There is disclosed an electrode array architecture employing continuous and discontinuous circumferential electrodes. There is further disclosed a process for the neutralization of acid generated at anode(s) by base generated at cathode(s) circumferentially located to each other so as to confine a region of pH change. The cathodes can be displayed as concentric rings (continuous) or as counter electrodes in a cross pattern (discontinuous). In this way reagents, such as acid, generated in a center electrode are countered (neutralized) by reagents, such as base, generated at the corners or at the outer ring.

An electrochemical cell includes a housing having an inlet, an outlet, and a central axis and an anode-cathode pair disposed concentrically within the housing about the central axis and defining an active area between an anode and a cathode of the anode-cathode pair. An active surface area of at least one of the anode and the cathode has a surface area greater than a surface area of an internal surface of the housing. The anode-cathode pair is configured and arranged to direct all fluid passing through the electrochemical cell axially through the active area.