One or more embodiments relate to an electrically conductive polymer with a crosslinkable additive. The electrically conductive polymer is a directly photopatternable Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) PEDOT:PSS film with cross-linked network made of a plurality of monomers. The directly photopatternable PEDOT:PSS film PEDOT as such has a better conductivity and stretchability compared to its other counterparts. The directly photopatternable PEDOT:PSS film can further be supplemented with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) which can help with the removal of PSS. Advantageously, the PEGDA supplemented PEDOT:PSS film can exhibit a larger charge storage capacity.

A needle electrode fixation device is configured to secure a transdermal needle electrode to a patient. The device includes a base having a body that defines a first portion and a second portion. The first and second portions are rotatable relative to each other. The first portion defines a channel configured to fit a portion of the transdermal needle electrode. The second portion defines a recess configured to fit a tip of the needle electrode. The device further includes an adhesive layer configured to affix the base to the patient. The device is at least partially transparent or translucent and includes one or more viewing windows to provide visibility of individual components, such as the needle electrode.

The provided systems, methods and devices describe lightweight, wireless tissue monitoring devices that are capable of establishing conformal contact due to the flexibility or bendability of the device. The described systems and devices are useful, for example, for skin-mounted intraoperative monitoring of nerve-muscle activity. The present systems and methods are versatile and may be used for a variety of tissues (e.g. skin, organs, muscles, nerves, etc.) to measure a variety of different parameterps (e.g. electric signals, electric potentials, electromyography, movement, vibration, acoustic signals, response to various stimuli, etc.).

An apparatus for monitoring EMG signals of a patient's laryngeal muscles includes an endotracheal tube having an exterior surface and a first location configured to be positioned at the patient's vocal folds. A first electrode is formed on the exterior surface of the endotracheal tube substantially below the first location to receive EMG signals primarily from below the vocal folds. A second electrode is formed on the exterior surface of the endotracheal tube substantially above the first location to receive EMG signals primarily from above the vocal folds. The first and second electrodes are configured to receive the EMG signals from the laryngeal muscles when the endotracheal tube is placed in a trachea of the patient.

The present disclosure is directed to muscle fascicle measurement systems and methods. A measurement device with electrodes placed in proximity to a target muscle of a subject's body. Stimulating signals may be transmitted by first electrodes placed along a muscle fascicle belonging to a particular muscle and the muscle response is sensed by second electrodes placed in proximity to the particular muscle. Signals sensed by the second electrodes are processed to determine one or more characteristics of the particular muscle fascicle and/or one or more characteristics of a nerve associated with the muscle fascicle.

An electrode configured to provide electrical contact with the skin of a user and configured to be positioned on or near a mastoid region of the user is provided. The electrode comprises an electrically conductive contact configured to receive electrical signals from the skin of the user, and a skin coupler that couples the contact with the skin of the user. The skin coupler comprises an adhesive layer that adhesively engages the skin. The skin coupler also comprises a base region that surrounds the contact, and at least two extension regions that extend away from the base region.

Disclosed is a method for interacting with the nervous system. The method includes detecting signals associated with a biological function at one or more sensors. It also includes processing the signals to create a representation thereof, delivering effector responses based on the representations, and controlling a physical process.

An apparatus for monitoring EMG signals of a patient's laryngeal muscles includes an endotracheal tube having an exterior surface. Conductive electrodes are formed on the endotracheal tube. The conductive electrodes are configured to receive the EMG signals from the laryngeal muscles when the endotracheal tube is placed in a trachea of the patient. At least wireless sensor is formed on the endotracheal tube, and is configured to wirelessly transmit information to a processing apparatus.

The present invention provides a stretchable laminate sheet for a garment for measuring biological information. The stretchable laminate sheet has favorable conductivity and stretchability, and has such an enhanced adhesiveness to a substrate as to prevent peeling and disconnection of an electrode that are caused by stress and deformation when the garment is put on, taken off, and washed, while detecting a stable electrical signal. The stretchable laminate sheet of the present invention at least includes a stretchable insulating layer having adhesiveness and a stretchable conductor layer. The stretchable laminate sheet has a 90 degree peel strength between the stretchable insulating layer and the adherend layer of 1.0 N/cm or more.

A system and method which performs translumbosacral neuromodulation therapy in a subject by outputting pulses of magnetic energy onto the lumbar and sacral nerves of the subject is described. The system includes a control unit, an anorectal probe, at least one skin electrode, a first magnetic coil, a second magnetic coil, and a neurophysiological recorder. The control unit manages the system components. The anorectal probe and the skin electrode detect muscle activity when a nerve from the back of the subject is stimulated. The first magnetic coil outputs singular pulses of magnetic energy to localize a plurality of optimal stimulation sites. The second magnetic coil outputs repetitive pulses of magnetic energy to each of the plurality of optimal stimulation sites in order to treat medical problems. The neurophysiological recorder displays motor-evoked potential (MEP) data that is detected by the anorectal probe and the skin electrode through electromyographic sensors.