To provide an ion exchange membrane for alkali chloride electrolysis whereby it is possible to make the electrolysis voltage low and the current efficiency high at the time of performing electrolysis of an alkali chloride; a method for its production; and an alkali chloride electrolysis apparatus using it. The ion exchange membrane for alkali chloride electrolysis has a layer (C) comprising a fluorinated polymer having carbonic acid functional groups, and a layer (S) comprising a fluorinated polymer having sulfonic acid functional groups; a reinforcing material containing reinforcing threads is disposed in the layer (S); and when measured after the ion exchange membrane for alkali chloride electrolysis is immersed and held in a 32 mass % sodium hydroxide aqueous solution warmed at 90 C. for 16 hours and subsequently immersed in a 32 mass % sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at 25 C. for 3 hours, the AC resistance value A of the layer (S) and the AC resistance value B of the layer (C) satisfy the following formulae at the same time: 1(.Math.cm.sup.2)A10(.Math.cm.sup.2) and 200(.Math.cm.sup.2)B450(.Math.cm.sup.2).

Provided are an electrolyzer having excellent durability against reverse current. The electrolyzer 300 includes an anode 314, an anode chamber 310 housing the anode 314, a cathode 330, a cathode chamber 320 housing the cathode 330, and a diaphragm that separates the anode chamber 310 and the cathode chamber 320, wherein a reverse current absorption body 334 formed of a sintered compact containing nickel is disposed in at least one of an inside of the cathode chamber 320 and an inside of the anode chamber 310, and the reverse current absorption body 334 is not directly coupled to the cathode 330 and the anode 314 but is electrically connected to at least one of the cathode 330 and the anode 314.

Provided is an electrocatalyst for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis, including a carbonaceous material, and nickel electrodeposited on the carbonaceous material, wherein nickel is partially substituted with platinum and the substitution with platinum provides increased hydrogen evolution activity as compared to the same electrocatalyst before substitution with platinum. Also provided are a method for preparing the electrocatalyst and an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer using the same. The nickel electrocatalyst coated with an ultralow loading amount of platinum for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis shows excellent hydrogen evolution activity and has a small thickness of catalyst, thereby providing high mass transfer and high catalyst availability. In addition, the electrocatalyst uses a particle-type electrode to facilitate emission of hydrogen bubbles generated during hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen bubbles generated during oxygen evolution reaction, and requires low cost for preparation to provide high cost-efficiency.

A method for generating hydrocarbons using a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) and a Fischer-Tropsch unit in a single microtubular reactor is described. This method can directly synthesize hydrocarbons from carbon dioxide and water. The method integrates high temperature co-electrolysis of H.sub.2O and CO.sub.2 and low temperature Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) process in a single microtubular reactor by designation of a temperature gradient along the axial length of the microtubular reactor. In practice, methods disclosed herein can provide direct conversion of CO.sub.2 to hydrocarbons for use as feedstock or energy storage.

Provided is an electrolytic apparatus capable of pressurizing hydrogen gas produced by the electrolytic apparatus and removing impurities in the produced hydrogen gas.

In the electrolytic apparatus, gas compression means 101 including an ejector 110, a storage tank 103 storing a circulation liquid, a circulation pipe 105 circulating a fluid mixture of hydrogen gas and the circulation liquid to the ejector, and a circulation pump 104 is provided in a discharge line 12 for hydrogen gas produced by electrolysis, a hydrogen gas discharge pipe 106 and a first valve V1 are provided in the storage tank 103, impurities in the hydrogen gas are transferred to the circulation liquid to remove the impurities from the hydrogen gas, and a pressure of the hydrogen gas stored in the storage tank 103 is raised by controlling a flow rate of the circulation liquid circulated from the storage tank 103 to the ejector 110 and opening and closing of the first valve V1.

An electroplating apparatus includes an electrode at the bottom of a chamber, an ionically resistive element with through holes arranged horizontally at the top of the chamber, with a membrane in the middle. One or more panels extend vertically and parallelly from the membrane to the element and extend linearly across the chamber, forming a plurality of regions between the membrane and the element. A substrate with a protuberance extending along a chord of the substrate and contacting a top surface of the element is arranged above a first region. An electrolyte flowed between the substrate and the element descends into the first region via the through holes on a first side of the protuberance and ascends from the first region via the through holes on a second side of the protuberance, forcing air bubbles out from a portion of the element associated with the first region.

An electrochemical cell including a solid electrolyte layer containing ZrO.sub.2 containing a first rare earth element; a cathode disposed on one side of the solid electrolyte layer; and an anode disposed on the other side of the solid electrolyte layer. The anode contains CeO.sub.2 containing a second rare earth element and Ni or an Ni-containing alloy. The electrochemical cell further includes an intermediate layer disposed between the solid electrolyte layer and the anode. The intermediate layer contains a solid solution containing Zr, Ce, the first rare earth element, and the second rare earth element. Also disclosed is an electrochemical stack including a plurality of the electrochemical cells, where the electrochemical stack is a solid oxide fuel cell stack or a solid oxide electrolysis cell stack.

A platform technology that uses a novel membrane electrode assembly including a cathode layer comprising a reduction catalyst and a first anion-and-cation-conducting polymer, an anode layer comprising an oxidation catalyst and a cation-conducting polymer, a membrane layer comprising a cation-conducting polymer, the membrane layer arranged between the cathode layer and the anode layer and conductively connecting the cathode layer and the anode layer, in a CO.sub.x reduction reactor has been developed. The reactor can be used to synthesize a broad range of carbon-based compounds from carbon dioxide.

The present invention relates to the extraction of lithium from liquid resources, such as natural and synthetic brines, leachate solutions from clays and minerals, and recycled products.

An electrolytic ozone generator for use with a faucet and methods for assembling and using the same.