During a predetermined drive in which the hybrid vehicle is driven with operation of the engine in such a state that the first inverter and the second inverter are shut down, the hybrid vehicle controls the engine and the step-up/down converter such that the hybrid vehicle is driven with output of a torque from a first motor to a driveshaft via a planetary gear by decreasing the voltage of the high voltage-side power line to be lower than a reverse voltage of the first motor in the range of not lower than a lower limit control voltage that is higher than an allowable lower limit voltage The hybrid vehicle increases the lower limit control voltage during the predetermined drive, compared with the lower limit control voltage during a drive other than the predetermined drive.

Particular order, sequence and arrangement coupling ORC and SCO2 Brayton Cycle Fuel Cells to Infinity Turbine's ROT mini turbine to electric generator producing electricity. Sequence, order and arrangement referred to as the package. ORC and SCO2 Brayton Cycle Fuel Cells size reduction from plant size CHP to less than 3.5 cubic feet of the package and installing package into existing EVselectric vehicles, transform former EVs into PPP EVsPortable Power Plant Electric Vehicles thus dispersed autonomous energy.

When a voltage (auxiliary power supply voltage) on an auxiliary power supply line is instantaneously decreased to be smaller than a resetting voltage, a resetting operation is automatically started in each of the MG-ECU and the HV-ECU to perform an initialization process. After the resetting operation of the MG-ECU and/or the HV-ECU, the MG-ECU causes a converter to start a forced discharging operation when a DC voltage of a first smoothing capacitor is higher than a first reference voltage, and/or when a DC voltage of a second smoothing capacitor is higher than a second reference voltage.

A vehicle includes an electric machine, a starter-generator, and a controller. The electric machine is coupled to a traction battery via an inverter. The starter-generator is mechanically coupled with an engine and electrically coupled with a low-voltage battery. And, the controller charges the low-voltage battery with power from the traction battery, and in response to a torque demand of the electric machine falling below a threshold defined by losses of the inverter, transitions to the starter-generator to charge the low-voltage battery.

A control system for a mild hybrid vehicle is configured to detect whether a main contactor is open, the main contactor being connected between a primary battery system and a bi-directional direct current to direct current (DC-DC) converter and in response to detecting that the main contactor is open: command the DC-DC converter to operate in a boost mode to excite a motor-generator unit (MGU), after the excitation of the MGU has completed, command the DC-DC converter to operate in a buck mode, determine a previous voltage regulation feedback setpoint for the DC-DC converter, and control the DC-DC converter to maintain a voltage of the secondary battery system within a desired range by inserting a delay to a voltage control loop of the DC-DC converter such that the voltage control loop mimics a bandwidth of the MGU.

A vehicle drive includes a gear set, a first motor/generator coupled to the gear set, a second motor/generator at least selectively rotationally engaged with the gear set, an engine at least selectively coupled to the gear set and selectively coupled to the second motor/generator, and a clutch configured to selectively engage the second motor/generator to the engine. The first motor/generator and the second motor/generator are electrically coupled without an energy storage device configured to at least one of (a) provide electrical energy to the first motor/generator or the second motor/generator to power the first motor/generator or the second motor/generator and (b) be charged by electrical energy from the first motor/generator or the second motor/generator.

A vehicle drive includes a gear set, a first motor/generator coupled to a sun gear of the gear set, a second motor/generator selectively coupled to at least one of (a) a planetary gear carrier of the gear set and (b) a ring gear of the gear set, an engine coupled to the ring gear of the gear set and selectively coupled to the second motor/generator, and a clutch configured to selectively engage the second motor/generator to the engine. The first motor/generator and the second motor/generator are electrically coupled without an energy storage device configured to at least one of (a) provide electrical energy to the first motor/generator or the second motor/generator to power the first motor/generator or the second motor/generator and (b) be charged by electrical energy from the first motor/generator or the second motor/generator.

An electric vehicle enables cooling performance for a DC/DC converter to be improved and includes a steering mechanism supporting a front wheel, a head pipe supporting the steering mechanism, a frame member extending from the head pipe backward and downward, a front cowl covering the head pipe, the front cowl hanging and extending to a lower-half of the front wheel, an electric motor rotating and drive the rear wheel, a DC/DC converter disposed in the frame member behind the front wheel in a posture facing a travelling direction to convert voltage, and a heat radiation fin extending in a vehicle vertical direction, the heat radiation fin being provided in a front face of the DC/DC converter, the front face facing the front wheel. The front cowl expands to left and right sides of the DC/DC converter in the vehicle width direction to collect travelling wind to the heat radiation fin.

An electric vehicle enables cooling performance for a DC/DC converter to be improved and includes a steering mechanism supporting a front wheel, a head pipe supporting the steering mechanism, a frame member extending from the head pipe backward and downward, a front cowl covering the head pipe, the front cowl hanging and extending to a lower-half of the front wheel, an electric motor rotating and drive the rear wheel, a DC/DC converter disposed in the frame member behind the front wheel in a posture facing a travelling direction to convert voltage, and a heat radiation fin extending in a vehicle vertical direction, the heat radiation fin being provided in a front face of the DC/DC converter, the front face facing the front wheel. The front cowl expands to left and right sides of the DC/DC converter in the vehicle width direction to collect travelling wind to the heat radiation fin.

When a voltage (auxiliary power supply voltage) on an auxiliary power supply line is instantaneously decreased to be smaller than a resetting voltage, a resetting operation is automatically started in each of the MG-ECU and the HV-ECU to perform an initialization process. After the resetting operation of the MG-ECU and/or the HV-ECU, the MG-ECU causes a converter to start a forced discharging operation when a DC voltage of a first smoothing capacitor is higher than a first reference voltage, and/or when a DC voltage of a second smoothing capacitor is higher than a second reference voltage.