The invention relates to a method for producing an amino-functional aromatic compound which has a benzyl CH function. The production takes place on a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDD) in the presence of a pyridine-based aminating reagent. The invention further relates to a compound of the formula (IV) according to the invention, to a composition containing amino-functional aromatic compounds, to a method for producing a compound containing isocyanate groups, and to the compounds thus obtained.

A porous electrode substrate has a form of a tape material and contains a structure made of carbon fibers and a carbon matrix. A specific surface area, porosity, and pore distribution are determined by the carbon matrix. The carbon matrix contains carbon particles including activated carbon with a high specific surface area and a carbonized or graphitized residue of a carbonizable or graphitizable binder.

An application for a recycler includes a pressure and temperature resistant metal vessel that is filled with a liquid. Within the vessel is at least one submerged electric arc between a pair of electrodes (e.g. carbon based electrodes) powered by either a DC or AC current. The electric arc produces a combustible gas as the liquid is pumped through a bore in one or both of the electrodes, delivering the liquid directly to the location of the arc, thereby reducing or eliminating any ignition of the gas by the arc. Should ignition occur, at least one vent in the electrode(s) or electrode holder(s) vents pressure from within the bore to the vessel area outside of the electrode(s).

Examples described herein include electrolysis devices for producing a disinfectant solution from a salt solution in a container and methods of using the same. The devices include an electrode assembly able to penetrate the container. The disinfectant solution may be hypochlorous acid or metal ion hypochlorite. The salt solution may be a predetermined volume of sterile saline solution.

The present invention provides an aqueous electrolyte solution comprising at least four salts. The at least four salts are selected from: at least one salt selected from alkali metal chloride, alkali earth metal chloride, and ammonium chloride, or any combination thereof; at least one salt selected from alkali metal carbonate; alkali earth metal carbonate, and ammonium carbonate, or any combination thereof; at least one salt selected from alkali metal nitrate, alkali earth metal nitrate, and ammonium nitrate, or any combination thereof; and at least one salt selected from alkali metal phosphate, alkali earth metal phosphate, and ammonium phosphate, or any combination thereof.

An electrolysis device including a cell that contains a solution and a pair of electrodes installed in the cell. One electrode of the pair of electrodes is a carbon electrode, and a liquid-contacting portion of the carbon electrode that makes contact with the solution in the cell is configured by only a three-dimensional curved face.

An electrochemical system and method are disclosed for On Site Generation (OSG) of oxidants, such as free available chlorine, mixed oxidants and persulfate. Operation at high current density, using at least a diamond anode, provides for higher current efficiency, extended lifetime operation, and improved cost efficiency. High current density operation, in either a single pass or recycle mode, provides for rapid generation of oxidants, with high current efficiency, which potentially allows for more compact systems. Beneficially, operation in reverse polarity for a short cleaning cycle manages scaling, provides for improved efficiency and electrode lifetime and allows for use of impure feedstocks without requiring water softeners. Systems have application for generation of chlorine or other oxidants, including mixed oxidants providing high disinfection rate per unit of oxidant, e.g. for water treatment to remove microorganisms or for degradation of organics in industrial waste water.

A porous electrode substrate has a form of a tape material and contains a structure made of carbon fibers and a carbon matrix. A specific surface area, porosity, and pore distribution are determined by the carbon matrix. The carbon matrix contains carbon particles including activated carbon with a high specific surface area and a carbonized or graphitized residue of a carbonizable or graphitizable binder.

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to copper nanoparticle structures for reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon products. In one aspect, a method includes providing a plurality of copper nanoparticles. The plurality of copper nanoparticles are deposited on a support. The plurality of copper nanoparticles are transformed to a plurality of copper structures during an operation in which carbon dioxide is reduced. The plurality of copper nanoparticles on the support are used as a working electrode in an electrochemical cell during the operation.

A bipolar electrolytic cell particularly useful for electrochemical processes carried out with periodic reversal of polarity is provided. The cell is equipped with a series of concentric electrode pairs, the innermost pair and the outermost pair being connected to the poles of a DC generator and the intermediate pairs acting as bipolar electrodes. The different pairs of electrodes are arranged and connected in such a way that, at each stage of the process, the overall cathodic area is equal to the anodic area.