An electrochemical cell and a method of operating the same. In accordance with various embodiments, the cell includes an anode, one or more cathodes opposite the anode defining a pathway there between. Chemical reactions allow the electrolyte to flow through the defined pathway without requiring a pumping device.

A zinc battery according to an embodiment includes a negative electrode and a positive electrode, an electrolytic solution, and a powder. The electrolytic solution is in contact with the negative electrode and the positive electrode. The powder includes zinc and is mixed in the electrolytic solution. A zinc flow battery according to an embodiment includes a reaction chamber and a stirrer. The reaction chamber includes the zinc battery. The stirrer stirs the electrolytic solution.

A flow battery includes a first liquid containing a first electrode mediator dissolved therein, a first electrode immersed in the first liquid, a first active material immersed in the first liquid, and a first circulation mechanism that circulates the first liquid between the first electrode and the first active material, wherein the first electrode mediator includes a bicarbazyl derivative. For example, the bicarbazyl derivative is represented by the general formula (1).

An electrochemical-type power supply source for use in marine environment, is provided with: an electrochemical stack, which generates electric power in the presence, internally, of an electrolytic fluid; a first tank, designed to contain electrolytic fluid at a first temperature; a second tank, designed to contain electrolytic fluid at a second temperature, lower than the first temperature; a thermostatic valve, that mixes electrolytic fluid at a lower temperature with electrolytic fluid at a higher temperature, for generating a mixed electrolytic fluid to be introduced into the electrochemical stack at a controlled temperature for generating a desired electric power. The electrochemical power supply is further provided with an auxiliary tank, adapted to contain electrolytic fluid at a third temperature, higher than the first temperature; and the thermostatic valve is connected to the auxiliary tank and receives, at an input, the electrolytic fluid at the third temperature, as a higher-temperature electrolytic fluid, for generating the mixed electrolytic fluid, in a given operating condition.

A cell stack device includes a manifold, a fuel cell, and an oxygen-containing-gas ejection portion. The manifold includes a fuel gas supply chamber and a fuel gas collection chamber. The fuel cell extends upward from the manifold. The oxygen-containing-gas ejection portion is disposed upward of the center of the fuel cell. The oxygen-containing-gas ejection portion ejects oxygen-containing gas toward the fuel cell. A support substrate of the fuel cell includes a first gas channel and a second gas channel. The first gas channel is connected to a fuel gas supply chamber, and the second gas channel is connected to the fuel gas collection chamber. The first gas channel and the second gas channel are connected to each other in an upper end portion of the fuel cell.

Embodiments of the present invention provides a pouch film. In manufacturing a secondary battery, a gas may be generated when reacting an electrode assembly with an electrolyte. After the generated gas is discharged, the pouch film may be sealed. In this case, a deformation part may be formed in the gas chamber section which serves as a passage for discharging the gas, specifically, in the gas chamber passage, thus to prevent the electrolyte from flowing backward and maintain shapes of the gas chamber inlet during injecting the electrolyte.

A lithium-ion battery module includes a housing having a plurality of partitions configured to define a plurality of compartments within a housing. The battery module also includes a lithium-ion cell element provided in each of the compartments of the housing. The battery module further includes a cover coupled to the housing and configured to route electrolyte into each of the compartments. The cover is also configured to seal the compartments of the housing.

Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a refuelable battery for the power grid to provide a sustainable, cost-effective, and/or operationally efficient solution to energy source variability and/or energy demand variability. In particular, the systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a refuelable primary battery solution that addresses bulk seasonal energy storage needs, variable demand needs, and other challenges.

A fuel cell stack seal structure of a fuel cell stack, the fuel cell stack including a plurality of fuel cell single cells that are stacked, each of the fuel cell single cells including a membrane electrode assembly and a pair of separators holding the membrane electrode assembly between the pair of separators, includes inner peripheral sealing members and an outer peripheral sealing member at peripheral edges of a pair of separators, in which the inner peripheral sealing members close a gap between inner peripheral ribs that protrude at least towards a mutually facing sides of the pair of separators, and the outer peripheral sealing member that closes a gap between outer peripheral ribs that protrude at least towards the mutually facing sides of the pair of separators. The inner peripheral sealing members and the outer peripheral sealing member form a first closed space between the inner peripheral sealing members and the outer peripheral sealing member. The outer peripheral sealing member has a notch that communicates the first closed space with the outside.

The invention relates to a fuel cell stack (1), comprising: bipolar plates (10), each having an active region (13a), wherein a surface of the bipolar plate is formed non-profiled at least in the active region (13a), a membrane electrode assembly (20), arranged between two bipolar plates (10), anda gas distribution layer (30) arranged between the membrane electrode assembly (20) and at least one of the bipolar plates (10), wherein the gas distribution layer (30) comprises a porous flow body (31). It is provided that the gas distribution layer (30) includes recesses (32) in the active region (13a).