The invention pertains to a method for efficiently spitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using a nanocomposite that includes ((BiVO.sub.4).sub.x(TiO.sub.2).sub.1-x, wherein x ranges from 0.08 to 0.12, and optionally silver nanoparticles; methods for making a nanocomposite used in this method by a simple solvothermal method; and to photoanodes and photoelectrochemical cells and devices containing the nanocomposites.

An individual solid oxide cell (SOC) constructed of a sandwich configuration including in the following order: an oxygen electrode, a solid oxide electrolyte, a fuel electrode, a fuel manifold, and at least one layer of mesh. In one embodiment, the mesh supports a reforming catalyst resulting in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) having a reformer embedded therein. The reformer-modified SOFC functions internally to steam reform or partially oxidize a gaseous hydrocarbon, e.g. methane, to a gaseous reformate of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which is converted in the SOC to water, carbon dioxide, or a mixture thereof, and an electrical current. In another embodiment, an electrical insulator is disposed between the fuel manifold and the mesh resulting in a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), which functions to electrolyze water and/or carbon dioxide.

An oxyhydrogen gas supply equipment includes a gas supply unit, an allocating unit and a mixing unit. The gas supply unit includes an electrolysis device, and an oxygen gas delivery pipeline and a hydrogen gas delivery pipeline that are connected to the electrolysis device. The allocating unit includes a buffer tank connected to the oxygen gas delivery pipeline, and a throttle valve connected to the buffer tank and operable to regulate oxygen gas output therefrom. The mixing unit includes a mixing tank connected to the hydrogen gas delivery pipeline and throttle valve, an output pipeline connected to the mixing tank, and a detector for detecting oxygen gas content inside the mixing tank to regulate the oxygen gas output from the throttle valve.

Localized excess protons are created with an open-circuit water electrolysis process using a pair of anode and cathode electrodes for a special excess proton production and proton-utilization system to treat a substrate material plate/film by forming and using an excess protons-substrate-hydroxyl anions capacitor-like system. The technology enables protonation and/or proton-driven oxidation of plate/film and/or membrane materials in a pure water environment. The present invention represents a remarkable clean green chemistry technology that does not require the use of any conventional acid chemicals including nitric and sulfuric acids for the said industrial applications. The application of localized excess protons provides a special energy recycling and renewing technology function to extract latent heat including molecular thermal motion energy at ambient temperature for generating local proton motive force (equivalent to Gibbs free energy) to do useful work such as driving ATP synthesis and proton-driven oxidation of certain substrate metal atoms.

An HHO gas stream for use in an internal combustion engine is heated by heat exchange from with an exhaust gas stream from the internal combustion engine.

Disclosed is a case for electric devices having a moisture removing apparatus inside. The apparatus includes a first electrode exposed in an inside of a casing having an electronic circuit board therein, connected to one electrode of a power source, and coated with a dielectric material on a surface thereof. The apparatus includes a second electrode exposed in the inside of the casing having the electronic circuit board therein, connected to a remaining electrode of the power source, and spaced apart from the first electrode so as to define a space therebetween. The apparatus includes an electric discharge air path provided between the surface of the first electrode coated with the dielectric material and the second electrode, and in which moisture of air is decomposed by electric discharge occurring between the first and second electrodes while air inside the casing circulates in the electric discharge air path.

A hydrogen gas generator system comprises a reactor stack adapted to perform electrolysis on water in an electrolyte solution, the reactor stack comprising a plurality of spaced apart electrode plates and electrolyte solution disposed between the plates, each plate having an upper outlet aperture and a lower inlet aperture to allow movement of electrolyte solution across the plates. A separator is configured to receive a mixture of gas and electrolyte solution from a top of the reactor stack and separate the gas from the electrolyte solution. A gas outlet configured to remove gas from the separator, and an electrolyte solution inlet configured to return electrolyte solution from the separator to a bottom of the reactor stack. The system comprises a pump configured to pump electrolyte solution in a circuit from the electrolyte solution outlet of the separator/reservoir, through the reactor stack at velocity, and back to the separator/reservoir, and in which in the upper and lower apertures are sufficiently large to allow pumped flow through the reactor stack.

A hydrogen gas generator comprises: an electrolyzer (2) configured to include a housing (20), a first chamber (21), a second chamber (22), a membrane (25), and a pair of electrode plates (23, 24); a tank (6) configured to store water to be electrolyzed (W); an electric power source (3) configured to apply a DC voltage to the pair of electrode plates; a diluter (4) configured to introduce a diluent gas into the first chamber or the second chamber in which the electrode plate to be a cathode is provided, the diluent gas diluting hydrogen gas generated; an electric quantity detector (51) configured to detect an electric quantity given to the electrode plate to be the cathode; a flow rate detector (52) configured to detect a flow rate of the diluent gas from the diluter; a calculator (5) configured to calculate a concentration of the diluted hydrogen gas on the basis of the electric quantity detected by the electric quantity detector and the flow rate detected by the flow rate detector; and an indicator (54) configured to present the concentration of hydrogen gas calculated by the calculator.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for generating electrolyzed water, which generates hydrogen water comprising hydrogen molecules in a high concentration. Two sheets of porous cathode plates each provided on the surface thereof with an ion-exchange membrane are provided across an anode plate so as for the ion-exchange membranes to face the anode plate and so as to form a space allowing water to flow therethrough, between the anode plate and each of the ion-exchange membranes, and thus four electrolysis chambers are formed. Thus, here is provided an apparatus for generating electrolyzed water in which there are formed a first water path and a second water path to feed water respectively to the first electrolysis chamber and the second electrolysis chamber formed between the anode plate and the cathode plates, and a third water path to feed water to either of the third electrolysis chamber and the fourth electrolysis chamber formed on the sides of the cathode plates on the other side of the anode plate and to feed the treated water passing through the electrolysis chamber to the other electrolysis chamber.

A copolymer containing carbazole-based and vinylene based moieties, a photoelectrode comprising a metal oxide substrate and the copolymer as a photoelectrocatalyst component to the photoelectrode, as well as a photoelectrochemical cell including the photoelectrode. Methods of producing the copolymers, and methods of using the photoelectrochemical cell to produce hydrogen gas are also provided.