Dendrimers with monophosphonic or bisphosphonic terminations for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

A method of treating an aqueous liquid. The method comprises providing an aqueous feed liquid comprising water and at least one solute to a first side of a membrane. A draw solution comprising water and a draw solute comprising at least one of a phosphazene compound and a triazine compound is provided to a second side of the membrane. At least a portion of the water of the aqueous feed liquid is osmosed across the membrane and into the draw solution to form a diluted draw solution comprising water and the draw solute. The water of the diluted draw solution is separated from the draw solute of the diluted draw solution to form a purified water product. Draw solutes comprising phosphazene compounds and draw solutes comprising triazine compounds are also disclosed, as are methods of forming the draw solutes.

Provided are a manufacturing method for an amino-substituted phosphazene compound including reacting a fluorinated phosphazene compound and an amine compound in presence of a compound having a fluorine trapping function; and synthesizing a compound obtained by substituting the amine compound for the fluorinated phosphazene compound, a manufacturing method for an electrolyte solution for a nonaqueous secondary battery using this, and a manufacturing method for a nonaqueous secondary battery.

The present invention relates to a fluorination method for phosphonitrilic chloride trimer and its derivatives including using phosphonitrilicchloride or partially substituted phosphonitrilic chloride trimer as raw material to fluorinate with fluorinating agent in an ionic liquid to replace the chlorine in chloro-cyclotriphosphazene molecule. The present invention uses non-volatile and pollution free ionic liquids as solvent, and just controls a distillation temperature to get a hexafluorocyclotriphosphazene or derivatives thereof with high-purity. It overcomes the shortcoming of the average solvent system that the solvent forms azeotrope with products. The post-process is simple. The production rate is high, and the ionic liquid can be recycled. The present invention produces products with high purity.

An object of the present invention is to provide a mixture of cyclophosphazenes suitably substituted with phenoxy having a polymerizable functional group, such as allyl, on the phenyl ring and a production method for the mixture. The invention relates to a mixture of cyclophosphazene compounds that each contain a plurality of constituent units linked to each other, each constituent unit being represented by formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and represent C.sub.1-4 alkyl or the like, the mixture containing cyclophosphazene compounds in which 3, 4, and 5 constituent units represented by formula (I) are linked, wherein the cyclophosphazene compound containing 3 linked constituent units is cyclophosphazene compound (I-A) with a specific structure, compound (I-A) includes cyclophosphazene compounds (I-A2) and (I-A3) having a specific structure, and compounds (I-A2) and (I-A3) are present in an amount of 80 wt % or more in total in cyclophosphazene compound (I-A).

Provided is a rechargeable lithium battery including an electrolyte including a non-aqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt, and an additive; a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material; and a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material, wherein the additive includes at least one of the first compound and the second compound, the first compound is a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group including at least one nitrile group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkenyl group including at least one nitrile group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkynyl group including at least one nitrile group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkoxy group including at least one nitrile group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C20 aryl group including at least one nitrile group, or a combination of thereof, the second compound is cyclic phosphazene, and the positive electrode active material includes cobalt-free lithium nickel manganese-based oxide.

A compound of the formula (1), and lubricant, and magnetic disk each using the same
A-OCH.sub.2RfCH.sub.2B(1)
wherein A is a group of the formula (a) below, B is a group of the formula (b) or (c) or (d) below, p is 0, 1 or 2, q is a real number of 2 to 10, R is C.sub.1-4 fluoroalkyl, Ar is unsubstituted or substituted aromatic group with C.sub.1-30 alkyl or C.sub.1-30 alkoxyl, Rf is CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.xCF.sub.2CF.sub.2 or CF.sub.2CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.yCF.sub.2CF.sub.2CF.sub.2, x and y are each a real number of 0 to 50. ##STR00001##

A method for improving wear control in an engine or other mechanical component lubricated with a lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil. The formulated oil has a composition that includes a lubricating oil base stock as a major component; and at least one phosphazene represented by the formula ##STR00001##
as a minor component. In the above formula, Q is nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen; a is a value from about 2 to about 6, c is a value from about 2 to about 6, e is a value from about 2 to about 6, g is a value from about 2 to about 6, i is a value from about 2 to about 6, and k is a value from about 2 to about 6; b is a value of 2a+q, d is a value of 2c+r, f is a value of 2e+s, h is a value of 2g+t, j is a value of 2i+u, and l is a value of 2k+v; q, r, s, t, u and v are independently a value of 0 or 2; with the proviso that not all of a, c, e, g, i and k are the same value. A lubricating oil having a composition that includes a lubricating oil base stock as a major component; and at least one phosphazene represented by the above formula as a minor component. The lubricating oil is useful in internal combustion engines.

A method of manufacturing cyclophosphazenes PFPE derivatives to be used in the lubrication of magnetic recording media is herein provided. The method comprises: a) a (per)fluoropolyether (PFPE) polyol [PFPE (P.sub.pol)] comprising a fluoropolyoxyalkylene chain (R.sub.f) having two chain ends, each chain end comprising at least one hydroxy group, and b) the corresponding alkoxide of perfluoropolyether (P.sub.pol) [PFPE (P.sub.alk)] wherein the equivalent concentration of PFPE (P.sub.alk) in PFPE (P.sub.pol) is lower than 30%, preferably ranging from 5% to 15%; 2) contacting mixture (M) with a perhalocyclophosphazene (CP.sub.halo) to provide a mixture (M1) containing an equivalent ratio of PFPE (P.sub.alk)/(CP.sub.halo) of at least 1; 3) allowing mixture (M1) to react until complete disappearance of PCl groups to provide a mixture (M2); 4) submitting mixture (M2) to hydrolysis to provide a mixture (M3); 5) optionally removing (P.sub.pol) from mixture (M3) to provide a mixture (M4). A method of purifying mixture (M4) is also herein provided.

An ionic liquid including a phosphazene compound that has a plurality of phosphorus-nitrogen units and at least one pendant group bonded to each phosphorus atom of the plurality of phosphorus-nitrogen units. One pendant group of the at least one pendant group comprises a positively charged pendant group. Additional embodiments of ionic liquids are disclosed, as are electrolyte solutions and energy storage devices including the embodiments of the ionic liquid.