The invention is directed to sulfonate esterified phosphazene compounds, which include cyclic, linear, or cross-linked, phosphazene compounds. The invention further relates to methods of preparing such sulfonate esterified phosphazene compounds and to polymer compositions comprising the phosphazene compounds. The invention also relates to articles comprising such polymer compositions and to the use of such sulfonate esterified phosphazene compounds for improving the fire retardancy properties of polymer compositions.

A compound represented by the following formula (1) is useful as a charge transporting material. R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 represent a group represented by the formula (2), R.sup.7 represents an aryl group or an aralkyl group, and R.sup.11 to R.sup.15 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. ##STR00001##

An ion transporting solvent for use with batteries can be improved by simultaneously shortening a phosphazene compound's pendent groups, eliminating most or all of the distal ion carriers, and randomizing the solvent molecules so as to intentionally disrupt symmetry to the maximum degree possible. The combination of these strategies dramatically improves battery performance to the point where the performance recorded is comparable to batteries using conventional organic solvents.

Provided are a manufacturing method for an amino-substituted phosphazene compound including reacting a fluorinated phosphazene compound and an amine compound in presence of a compound having a fluorine trapping function; and synthesizing a compound obtained by substituting the amine compound for the fluorinated phosphazene compound, a manufacturing method for an electrolyte solution for a nonaqueous secondary battery using this, and a manufacturing method for a nonaqueous secondary battery.

Provided is a manufacturing method for an amino-substituted phosphazene compound, including: reacting a fluorinated phosphazene compound and an amine compound in presence of a catalyst consisting of a compound consisting of a specific element M below and an oxygen atom as constituent elements; and obtaining an amino-substituted phosphazene compound by substitution reaction between a fluorine atom of the fluorinated phosphazene compound and an amino group of the amine compound. Specific element M: At least one selected from magnesium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, lithium, calcium, aluminum, manganese, molybdenum, silicon, or boron.

Provided herein are synthetic porous electron-rich covalent organonitridic frameworks (PECONFs). The PECONFs are useful as an adsorbent class of materials. In the PECONFs, inorganic nitridic building units are interconnected via electron-rich aromatic units to form porous covalent frameworks. The frameworks include tunable porous, electron-rich organonitridic frameworks, which are determined based upon synthetic methods as exemplified herein.

To provide a fluorinated polyether compound capable of forming a film excellent in lubricity, a lubricant and a liquid composition, as well as an article having a film excellent in lubricity, on a substrate. A fluorinated polyether compound represented by {XO[(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.a(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2CF.sub.2CF.sub.2O).sub.b]}.sub.mY{[(OCF.sub.2CF.sub.2).sub.c(OCF.sub.2CF.sub.2CF.sub.2CF.sub.2).sub.d]OZ}.sub.n is used. X is a group having a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, an ester group or an aryl group, Y is an (m+n) valent linking group, Z is a group having a haloalkyl group, each of m and n is an integer of from 1 to 10, m+n is an integer of from 2 to 20, and each of a, b, c and d is an integer of from 1 to 100.

A monomer for an electrolyte according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may include a compound represented by Formula 1. A lithium secondary battery according to the embodiments of the present disclosure includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte may include a polymer of the compound represented by Formula 1.

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wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 are each independently a halogen element, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each independently hydrogen, a halogen element, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C6 alkyl group, or a polymerizable group, and at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 or R.sub.3 is a polymerizable group.

The present disclosure provides a compound represented by Formula (I) and a manufacturing method thereof, a resin composition comprising the compound, and an article made from the resin composition. The resin composition comprises the compound represented by Formula (I), vinyl group-containing polyphenylene ether resin and vinyl-containing crosslinking agent. The article comprises a prepreg, a resin film, a laminate, a printed circuit board or a cured insulator that has improvements in one or more properties including glass transition temperature, dielectric constant, dissipation factor, thermal resistance after moisture absorption, flame retardancy, inner resin flow, and drop ball test.

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