Catalysts for selective production of hydrogen peroxide and methods of making and using thereof have been developed. The catalysts include an alloyed or doped metal oxide which permits tuning of the catalytic properties of the catalysts for selection of a desired pathway to a product, such as hydrogen peroxide. The catalysts may be incorporated into electrochemical or photochemical devices.

Materials for binding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are disclosed. A fluidic device comprising the materials for detection and quantification of PFAS in a sample is disclosed. The fluidic device may be configured for multiplexed analyses. Also disclosed are methods for sorbing and remediating PFAS in a sample. The sample may be groundwater containing, or suspected of containing, one or more PFAS.

The disclosure relates to benzo[ghi]perylene imide photoredox catalysts (PC) and methods for the Birch reductions of aromatic substrates, such as benzene, benzeneoid, and heteroaromatic compounds, using light as the driving force. Certain aspects of the disclosure encompass methods for reduction of aromatic substrates. The method comprises contacting an aromatic substrate with a sacrificial electron donor in the presence of a photoredox catalyst in a solvent, thereby forming a reaction mixture; exposing the reaction mixture to visible or UV light under reaction condition sufficient to reduce the aromatic substrate compound.

A molybdenum sulfide powder according to the invention contains molybdenum disulfide having a 3R crystal structure. A heavy-metal adsorbent according to the invention contains molybdenum sulfide particles, and the molybdenum sulfide particles have a median diameter Dso of 10 nm to 1,000 nm obtained by a dynamic light scattering type particle diameter distribution measuring device. A photothermal conversion material according to the invention contains a material containing molybdenum sulfide particles and generates heat by absorbing light energy.

Provided is halloysite powder including a granule in which halloysite including halloysite nanotubes and titanium oxide are aggregated. The granule includes a first pore derived from a tube hole of the halloysite nanotubes, and a second pore different from the first pore.

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for producing one or more of trioxygen, reactive nitrogen species, hydrogen and its ions, oxygen and its ions, and electronically modified oxygen derivatives from oxidizing agents that are exposed to certain frequencies of photon/phonon emissions, exposed for certain amounts of time, and exposed to certain intensities of photon/phonon emissions. The oxidizing agent or oxidizing agents can be exposed to multiple frequencies and wavelengths of photon/phonon emissions and multiple exposures of photon/phonon emissions. The methods displayed provide a new paradigm to perform photocatalytic oxidation of substrates using photon/phonon emissions and/or MPA as energy input, trioxygen, hydrogen and oxygen and its isotopes as the catalysts and oxidizing agents as the oxygen source and the elimination or reduction of dissociation reactions to minimize hindrances to the reactions.

Provided is a method of manufacturing a module structure for photomicro-reactors. The method of manufacturing a module structure for photomicro-reactors according to an aspect of the present invention, which is a method of manufacturing the module structure for photomicro-reactors inside which a reactant and a photocatalyst flow and photochemically react, includes mixing a polymer and a photoinitiator to prepare a photocurable resin, exposing one region of a surface of the photocurable resin to ultraviolet light to form a unit layer having a predetermined thickness, placing the photocurable resin on an upper side of the unit layer, and forming and stacking a plurality of the unit layers by repeatedly performing the forming of the unit layer and the placing of the photocurable resin to form the module structure.

The present invention provides a metal/metal oxide doped-WO.sub.3 flower-like assemblies as a photocatalyst applied to photocatalytic inactivation of influenza virus and bacteria under UV or visible light activation, and further provides a surface-modulator-driven synthesis method for producing WO.sub.3 flower-like assemblies, as well as doping methods for doping the metal/metal oxide to the WO.sub.3 flower-like assemblies. The metal/metal oxide doped in WO.sub.3 flower-like assemblies can further enhance the antiviral and antibacterial performances.

A photothermal catalytic method for production of hydrogen peroxide without a sacrificial reagent on the basis of a porphyrin-based supermolecule is provided. The method includes the following steps: uniformly mixing a porphyrin-based supermolecule photocatalyst with a concentration of 0.3-1.5 g/L with ultrapure water, conducting irradiation with a visible light for a period of time under stirring at a temperature of 40-80° C. and an O.sub.2 flow rate of 50-150 mL/min, and then filtering and concentrating a reaction liquid to obtain an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution with a high concentration. According to the new photothermal catalytic method for preparing the hydrogen peroxide provided in the present disclosure, no organic solvent (such as ethanol, isopropanol and benzyl alcohol) is used as a sacrificial reagent, and the method is environmentally friendly and free of pollution. O.sub.2 is used as an oxygen source, sunlight is used as an energy source, and the method is low in energy consumption and high in safety (compared with an industrial anthraquinone method for synthesizing hydrogen peroxide). The method is simple in operation, mild in reaction conditions and high in production of the hydrogen peroxide.

The present disclosure relates to a device for accurately measuring photocatalytic efficiency. Additional embodiments of the present disclosure further relate to a method of utilizing the disclosed device, for example, to obtain accurate measurements of photocatalytic efficiency and a photocatalyst compatible with the device in the present disclosure. Application of the present disclosure may include the quantification of photocatalytic light conversion metrics such as in a research environment.