An electrically driven rack and pinion steering system of a motor vehicle has an axially displaceably mounted rack which transmits a steering movement for steered wheels of the motor vehicle, has an electric drive which provides a steering force and interacts with the rack, and has a housing which receives the rack and a drive element of the drive. The drive element is in engagement with a toothing system of the rack. A bearing assembly is arranged on a section of the rack without a toothing system axially on each side of the drive element, with a carrier cylinder, on the outer shell face of which an outer contact seal is arranged and on the inner shell face of which an inner contact seal is arranged, the contact seals sealing the housing with respect to the rack.

An electrically driven rack and pinion steering system of a motor vehicle has an axially displaceably mounted rack which transmits a steering movement for steered wheels of the motor vehicle, has an electric drive which provides a steering force and interacts with the rack, and has a housing which receives the rack and a drive element of the drive. The drive element is in engagement with a toothing system of the rack. A bearing assembly is arranged on a section of the rack without a toothing system axially on each side of the drive element, with a carrier cylinder, on the outer shell face of which an outer contact seal is arranged and on the inner shell face of which an inner contact seal is arranged, the contact seals sealing the housing with respect to the rack.

A steering apparatus includes a turning shaft movable in a vehicle widthwise direction, a pinion shaft meshed with the turning shaft and a first housing that retains therein the turning shaft and the pinion shaft. An inner circumferential surface of the first housing facing with the turning shaft is provided with an inclined portion that continuously changes an internal diameter. When a portion where a tooth of the turning shaft and a tooth of the pinion shaft are meshed with each other is defined as a meshed portion, the inclined portion is formed below at least the meshed portion.

A steering apparatus includes a turning shaft movable in a vehicle widthwise direction, a pinion shaft meshed with the turning shaft and a first housing that retains therein the turning shaft and the pinion shaft. An inner circumferential surface of the first housing facing with the turning shaft is provided with an inclined portion that continuously changes an internal diameter. When a portion where a tooth of the turning shaft and a tooth of the pinion shaft are meshed with each other is defined as a meshed portion, the inclined portion is formed below at least the meshed portion.

A cylindrical part of a rack retainer accommodation part and an adjust screw are caulked such that a plastic deformation region by caulking straddles both a female screw part of the cylindrical part and a male screw part of the adjust screw, and the adjust screw is loosened to a point where a set load that is a force by which the rack retainer urges a rack bar falls within a predetermined range. After the set load adjusting step, the caulking step is not performed again, and fluctuations in the set load associated with the impact of caulking work after the set load adjusting step can be suppressed. Thus, it is possible to suppress fluctuations in the urging force of the rack retainer applied to the rack bar caused by caulking work which stops the rotation between the rack retainer accommodation part and the adjust screw.

A steering device includes: an electric motor configured to apply a driving force to cause a wheel of a vehicle to roll; a transmission unit configured to transmit the driving force of the electric motor to the wheel; an input determination unit 221 configured to determine whether an excessive external force equal to or greater than a predetermined force is input, or likely to be input, to the transmission unit via the wheel while the electric motor is applying the driving force; and a final target current setting unit 23 configured to, in response to the input determination unit 221 determining that the excessive force is input, or likely to be input, to the transmission unit, reduce the driving force of the electric motor so that a load on the transmission unit does not exceed an upper limit that is preset according to strength of the transmission unit.

A steering device includes: an electric motor configured to apply a driving force to cause a wheel of a vehicle to roll; a transmission unit configured to transmit the driving force of the electric motor to the wheel; an input determination unit 221 configured to determine whether an excessive external force equal to or greater than a predetermined force is input, or likely to be input, to the transmission unit via the wheel while the electric motor is applying the driving force; and a final target current setting unit 23 configured to, in response to the input determination unit 221 determining that the excessive force is input, or likely to be input, to the transmission unit, reduce the driving force of the electric motor so that a load on the transmission unit does not exceed an upper limit that is preset according to strength of the transmission unit.

The disclosure provides a steering system for a vehicle. The steering system may include a steering rack and an electronic power steering (EPS) system. The EPS system may include an actuator that assists movement of the steering rack, a torque sensor; an angle sensor; and an EPS system controller. The EPS controller may be configured to determine a steering rack center point indicating a center of the steering rack between opposite maximum steering angles. The EPS controller may be configured to determine a vehicle center zero point. The EPS controller may be configured to store the vehicle center zero point in response to determining that the vehicle center zero point is within a threshold of the steering rack center point.

An independent suspension system for a vehicle includes: a steering unit configured to be controlled to adjust the steering angle of a wheel, a shock absorber engaged with the wheel and configured to absorb impacts applied to the wheel and including a first shock absorber and a second shock absorber, each of which arranged in a forward-rearward direction on opposite side surfaces of the wheel, and a link unit disposed between the shock absorber and the steering unit in order to vary the distance between the wheel and the steering unit. The link unit includes a first upper arm disposed between the first shock absorber and the steering unit, a second upper arm disposed between the second shock absorber and the steering unit, and at least one ground clearance adjustment unit engaged with the first and second upper arms in order to vary the distance between the first and second upper arms.

An independent suspension system for a vehicle includes: a steering unit configured to be controlled to adjust the steering angle of a wheel, a shock absorber engaged with the wheel and configured to absorb impacts applied to the wheel and including a first shock absorber and a second shock absorber, each of which arranged in a forward-rearward direction on opposite side surfaces of the wheel, and a link unit disposed between the shock absorber and the steering unit in order to vary the distance between the wheel and the steering unit. The link unit includes a first upper arm disposed between the first shock absorber and the steering unit, a second upper arm disposed between the second shock absorber and the steering unit, and at least one ground clearance adjustment unit engaged with the first and second upper arms in order to vary the distance between the first and second upper arms.