VTOL aircraft that takeoff and land as a multirotor and cruises as airplane. The aircraft comprises two major parts: First; winged carrier frame comprises wings, engines, propellers and landing gears. Second; tilting fuselage comprises cockpit, cabin and tail. Winged carrier frame is basically X/H frame multirotor that its thruster carrying arms are wing shaped. Aircraft vertically takeoff as multirotor after gaining safe altitude and forward airspeed then changes its flying axis that wings and thrust direction parallel to horizon. Lift generated by wings and thrust generated by thrusters that aircraft has basic airplane flying characteristics. Fuselage tilted to keep payload parallel to the horizon. Speed reduced, winged carrier frame and fuselage returned to multirotor for landing. It is easier to rotate fuselage than thrusters or wings. It is better to adjust thrust levels than vectoring to reduce the moving parts and aerodynamic effects.

An arched gutter that can be used to channel moisture within an aircraft can include an arched web including a plurality of laterally spaced arches. The plurality of arches impart a flexibility to the arched gutter such that the arched gutter has an increased resistance to fatigue cracking and other wear and damage resulting from, for example, parasitic loads due to high bending strains that are transferred to the arched gutter by a wing to which the arched gutter is attached during operation of the aircraft. An aircraft section and an aircraft including the arched gutter are also described.

A composite material includes a web portion and a flange portion disposed at an end portion of the web portion. The flange portion is formed from fiber sheets laminated and has a surface on one side in a laminating direction of the flange portion serving as an inner surface to which the end portion of the web portion is connected and a surface on the other side in the laminating direction serving as an outer surface. The inner surface of the flange portion has a tapered surface having a thickness that is reduced from a base portion to which the end portion of the web portion is connected toward a front end portion in the laminating direction. The flange portion includes an outermost surface fiber sheet disposed on the tapered surface, the outermost surface fiber sheet serving as the fiber sheet on an outermost surface that covers the tapered surface.

Tooling for manufacturing multi-spar torsion boxes with different web heights, the tooling includes a mandrel module having a hollow beam geometry which comprises a first base and a second base opposite to the first base, and two walls extending between said first base and said second base, and at least one spacer module configured for coupling with the mandrel module, wherein the web height of a multi-spar torsion box is defined by the coupling between the mandrel module and at least one spacer module. A method for manufacturing multi-spar torsion boxes with different web heights.

A system and method for constructing a composite structure using a multi-piece tool. The pieces are assembled, including making a connection, such as a mortise-and-tenon connection, between pieces using an adhesive mixed with an induction heatable material, such as iron filings having a unit size of between 5 microns and 600 microns, and an amount of between 5% and 50% by volume. Plies of a material are applied around the connection between the pieces, and the plies are cured to create the composite structure, which results in the pieces being trapped within the composite structure by the connection. The adhesive is exposed to electromagnetic induction from an electromagnetic induction coil which generates heat in the induction heatable material and thereby loosens the connection. The tool can then be disassembled by individually pulling at least some of the pieces from within the composite structure.

A trailing edge for a composite multispar integrated lifting surface includes a first C-shape composite form that includes a web and two flanges. The web forming a portion of the rear spar of a torsion box. The two flanges extending along a skin chordwise direction. A second C-shape composite form includes a web and two flanges. The web forms an auxiliary spar. The flanges extend along the skin chordwise direction. The first C-shape composite form and the second C-shape composite form forming a first auxiliary cell and a second cell. The first auxiliary cell is delimited by the first C-shape composite form and the second C-shape composite form. The second cell is an open cell delimited by the second C-shape composite form.

An arched gutter that can be used to channel moisture within an aircraft can include an arched web including a plurality of laterally spaced arches. The plurality of arches impart a flexibility to the arched gutter such that the arched gutter has an increased resistance to fatigue cracking and other wear and damage resulting from, for example, parasitic loads due to high bending strains that are transferred to the arched gutter by a wing to which the arched gutter is attached during operation of the aircraft. An aircraft section and an aircraft including the arched gutter are also described.

A pole-shaped aircraft framework assembly including a first plug-and-turn connector forming a first end, a second plug-and-turn connector forming a second end, the second end opposite the first end, a first rod extending from the first plug-and-turn connector towards the second plug-and-turn connector, and a coupling component coupled to the second plug-and-turn connector for detachable coupling with the first rod. The first rod has a circumferential outer surface including alternately on a circumferential path in a cross-sectional plane of the first rod a ridged section and a plain section. The coupling component includes a tubular part having a circumferential inner surface including alternately on a circumferential path in a cross-sectional plane of the tubular part at least one ridged section and at least one plain section. One of the first rod and the coupling component is rotatable relative to the other one, engaging respective ridges of the first rod and the coupling component.

A method includes making a first structure with a first plurality of pre-drilled holes at pre-defined locations, making a second structure with a second plurality of pre-drilled holes at pre-defined locations, making a third structure without pre-drilled full-size holes, measuring the location and orientation of the first and second plurality of pre-drilled holes in the first and second structures, determining the location of a third plurality of holes to be drilled in the third structure that correspond to first and second plurality of pre-drilled holes measured in the first and second structures, creating a program to drill the third plurality of holes in the third structure that align with the measured location and orientation of the first and second plurality of pre-drilled holes in the first and second structures based on the measure location and orientation of the first and second plurality of pre-drilled holes in the first and second structure, drilling the third plurality of holes in the third structure based on the program, positioning the third structure on the first and second structures such that the third plurality of holes in the third structure are aligned with the first and second plurality of pre-drilled holes in the first and second structures, and inserting fasteners through the third plurality of holes and the first and second plurality of predrilled holes that are aligned with the third plurality of holes to secure the second structure to the first structure using the third structure.

A tandem rigid rotor system has a first rigid rotor system and a second rigid rotor system connected by a fuselage. The fuselage has at least one framing member connected between the first rigid rotor system and the second rigid rotor system, such that the framing member is torsionally flexible for controlling yaw of the tandem rigid rotor system. In certain embodiments, multiple framing members are connected between the first rigid rotor system and the second rigid rotor system in parallel. In certain embodiments, the torsional flexibility allows up to 20 degrees of movement away from the lateral axis. In certain embodiments, framing members are vertically and laterally rigid.