Continuous skin leading edge slats are disclosed. A disclosed example leading edge slat for use with an aircraft includes a single-piece nose skin defining upper and lower external surfaces of the leading edge slat, where the single-piece nose skin is to extend between a fore end and an aft end of the leading edge slat, and a box spar coupled to an inner surface of the single-piece nose skin. The box spar includes lateral walls extending away from the inner surface of the single-piece nose skin. The lateral walls define at least one compartment of the box spar.

A free-streamline airfoil includes a front portion, the front portion including a leading edge geometry configured to force a sudden separation of the flow, and a contoured rear portion.

A free-streamline airfoil includes a front portion, the front portion including a leading edge geometry configured to force a sudden separation of the flow, and a contoured rear portion.

The invention discloses a method and modified aerodynamic apparatuses: fluid pushers-off and fluid motion-sensors, making enable efficient implementation and use of a controllable enhanced jet-effect, either the waving jet-effect, the Coanda jet-effect, the lift-effect, the effect of thrust, the Venturi effect, and/or the de Laval jet-effect, all are controllable using the Peltier effect and/or the Seebeck effect. The modified aerodynamic apparatuses are geometrically shaped and supplied with built-in thermoelectric devices, wherein the presence of the thermoelectric devices provides for new functional properties of the modified aerodynamic apparatuses. The method solves the problem of effective control of the operation of modified aerodynamic apparatuses such as airfoil wings of a flying vehicle, convergent-divergent nozzles, loudspeakers, and detectors of acoustic waves, all of a highly-efficient functionality.

A tail sitting VTOL aircraft with nonplanar tandem rotor blown wing configuration, capable of traveling in an airplane mode, and a hover mode during take-off and landing with fuselage oriented vertically, with capability to have precise controlled hover, and capability of making controlled and safe assisted transition between two modes during a horizontal movement and without need for much headroom and overhead clearance. The aircraft includes a fuselage, a nonplanar wing configuration which includes plurality of wings in different planes and at least 1 stabilizer, the wings having a leading edge defining the forward direction of flight in airplane mode, and a trailing edge, and at least 1 proprotor connected to the airframe through a rotatable drive shaft, plurality of rotor blown surfaces with various orientations may be used to provide high precision hover and controlled assist during transition. Embodiments with at least 3 proprotors may also have multirotor capabilities in hover mode. Transition from hover mode to airplane mode is performed by moving forward in hover mode and rotating the fuselage around the pitch axis by the assist of the moment created by the differential thrust of the propellers, or the lift created by the rotor blown tandem airfoil-shaped cross section bodies or a combination of both.

A tail sitting VTOL aircraft with nonplanar tandem rotor blown wing configuration, capable of traveling in an airplane mode, and a hover mode during take-off and landing with fuselage oriented vertically, with capability to have precise controlled hover, and capability of making controlled and safe assisted transition between two modes during a horizontal movement and without need for much headroom and overhead clearance. The aircraft includes a fuselage, a nonplanar wing configuration which includes plurality of wings in different planes and at least 1 stabilizer, the wings having a leading edge defining the forward direction of flight in airplane mode, and a trailing edge, and at least 1 proprotor connected to the airframe through a rotatable drive shaft, plurality of rotor blown surfaces with various orientations may be used to provide high precision hover and controlled assist during transition. Embodiments with at least 3 proprotors may also have multirotor capabilities in hover mode. Transition from hover mode to airplane mode is performed by moving forward in hover mode and rotating the fuselage around the pitch axis by the assist of the moment created by the differential thrust of the propellers, or the lift created by the rotor blown tandem airfoil-shaped cross section bodies or a combination of both.

An installation configuration for a ram air turbine on an aircraft arranged to operate during a low speed operation. An example aircraft includes a fuselage and a lifting body connected to the fuselage and configured to provide a lifting force on the fuselage, the lifting body including a suction surface and a pressure surface disposed on opposite sides of the lifting body from each other, the suction surface extending from a leading edge of the lifting body to a trailing edge of the lifting body. A ram air turbine is coupled to the lifting body and configured to move between a retracted position where the ram air turbine is stowed inside the aircraft and an extended position where the ram air turbine is disposed above the suction surface of the lifting body.

An installation configuration for a ram air turbine on an aircraft arranged to operate during a low speed operation. An example aircraft includes a fuselage and a lifting body connected to the fuselage and configured to provide a lifting force on the fuselage, the lifting body including a suction surface and a pressure surface disposed on opposite sides of the lifting body from each other, the suction surface extending from a leading edge of the lifting body to a trailing edge of the lifting body. A ram air turbine is coupled to the lifting body and configured to move between a retracted position where the ram air turbine is stowed inside the aircraft and an extended position where the ram air turbine is disposed above the suction surface of the lifting body.

A free-streamline airfoil includes a lower surface which is flat or contoured, and an upper surface that is curved or made of discrete flat elements approximating a curved surface, the upper surface presenting a cavity, a cavity width in an airfoil chordwise direction shorter than the airfoil chord, a position and depth of the cavity triggering a turbulent flow over the airfoil's suction side while preserving the airfoil physical integrity.

A free-streamline airfoil includes a lower surface which is flat or contoured, and an upper surface that is curved or made of discrete flat elements approximating a curved surface, the upper surface presenting a cavity, a cavity width in an airfoil chordwise direction shorter than the airfoil chord, a position and depth of the cavity triggering a turbulent flow over the airfoil's suction side while preserving the airfoil physical integrity.