Disclosed herein are a method for manufacturing a propulsion unit having a rim foil, which can significantly reduce drag during forward flight while protecting a rotor blade from surrounding obstacles, a propulsion unit manufactured by the same, and a flying vehicle including the propulsion unit. The method includes: a plate member formation step in which an airfoil-type plate member is formed to have an outline forming an airfoil shape in side view; a rim foil formation step in which a through-hole is formed in the airfoil type plate member to form a rim foil member having an outline forming at least a portion of an airfoil shape in side view; and a rotor blade installation step in which a rotor blade is installed in the through-hole.

Described is an apparatus and method of an aerial vehicle, such as an unmanned aerial vehicle (“UAV”) that can operate in either a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) orientation or a horizontal flight orientation. The aerial vehicle includes a plurality of propulsion mechanisms that enable the aerial vehicle to move in any of the six degrees of freedom (surge, sway, heave, pitch, yaw, and roll) when in the VTOL orientation. The aerial vehicle also includes a ring wing that surrounds the propulsion mechanisms and provides lift to the aerial vehicle when the aerial vehicle is operating in the horizontal flight orientation.

An aircraft comprises a fuselage, one or more support structures connected to the fuselage, one or more engines or motors disposed within or attached to the one or more support structures or the fuselage, and a distributed propulsion system. The distributed propulsion system comprising two or more propellers symmetrically distributed in an array along the one or more support structures with respect to a center of gravity of the aircraft and operably connected to the one or more engines or motors, wherein each propeller has a rotation direction within a tilted plane of rotation, and a summation of horizontal force vectors created by the tilted plane of rotation of all the propellers is substantially zero when all the propellers are creating a substantially equal thrust magnitude. Movement of the aircraft is controlled by selectively increasing or decreasing a thrust of at least one of the two or more propellers.

This disclosure describes example reconfigurable propulsion mechanisms, example multi-rotor aerial vehicle apparatuses, and methods that may be used to alter the yaw torque polarity produced by one or more propulsion mechanisms in response to a detected loss of thrust produced by another propulsion mechanism of the aerial vehicle. For example, each reconfigurable propulsion mechanism may be configured to move between a normal operating position and a reconfigured operating position. When a reconfigurable propulsion mechanism is in a normal operating position, the yaw torque has a first polarity, such as clockwise. In comparison, when the same reconfigurable propulsion mechanism is in the reconfigured operating position, the yaw torque polarity produced by the propulsion mechanism is reversed and has a second polarity, such as counter-clockwise. Reconfiguration may be done to recover an aerial vehicle from a degraded operational state, for example resulting from a motor-out event, to a non-degraded operational state.

An aircraft capable of vertical takeoff and landing, stationary flight and forward flight, includes a closed wing that provides lift whenever the aircraft is in forward flight, a fuselage at least partially disposed within a perimeter of the closed wing, and one or more spokes coupling the closed wing to the fuselage. One or more motors are disposed within or attached to the spokes. Three or more propellers are proximate to a leading edge of the one or more spokes, distributed along the one or more spokes, and operably connected to the one or more motors to provide lift whenever the aircraft is in vertical takeoff and landing and stationary flight and provide thrust whenever the aircraft is in forward flight.

Systems and methods to reduce aerodynamic drag and/or affect flight characteristics of an aerial vehicle may include adjustable fairings associated with one or more components of the aerial vehicle. The adjustable fairings may be coupled to and at least partially surround a motor, propulsion mechanism, motor arm, strut, or other component of an aerial vehicle. In addition, the adjustable fairings may be passively movable between two or more positions responsive to airflow around the fairings, and/or the adjustable fairings may be actively moved between two more positions to affect flight characteristics. Further, the adjustable fairings may include actuatable elements to alter a portion of an outer surface of the fairings to thereby affect flight characteristics. In this manner, adjustable fairings associated with various components of an aerial vehicle may reduce aerodynamic drag and/or may improve control and safety of an aerial vehicle.

An airframe design may include a bonded frame or assembly, and one or more components that may be removably attached to the bonded frame. The bonded frame may include struts, central bulkheads, a tail section, a plurality of wing sections, and motor mounts that are adhered together using adhesive. The one or more attachable components may include a forward fuselage, motors, propellers, motor pod fairings, stabilizer fins, and landing gear that are attached using fasteners. The bonded frame may reduce the number of parts of the airframe design and may also reduce complexity, cost, and weight, while also increasing stiffness and strength. Further, the various attachable components may facilitate fabrication, assembly, and maintenance of an aerial vehicle having the airframe design.

A lift cell module is disclosed having a housing with an air inlet, an air outlet and an air duct connecting them, the housing having a generally circular inner wall having an axis and the inner wall being mounted for rotation about the axis. A plurality of radially disposed lift cells including winglets having opposed ends are connected to the inner wall, each of the winglets being vertically spaced and extending parallel to one another. The lift cell module further including a member connected to the housing for applying a motive force to rotate the inner wall.

A ring-shaped airfoil aircraft capable of taking off and landing vertically, and hovering, comprising: a fuselage, a cockpit; a passenger cabin, a power bay, a tapered tail rudder, a ring-shaped airfoil; a flight controller. The ring-shaped airfoil aircraft has the flying abilities for vertical takeoff and landing and hovering at a fixed altitude of multiaxial rotary wing powered aircraft, but compared with multiaxial rotary wing powered aircraft, its flight attitude is hardly in by air side flow, the flight attitude is more reliable. In addition, it can implement the airspeed of fixed wing ducted aircraft, and the flight energy consumption is much less than the existing fixed wing ducted aircraft, and its takeoff and landing are free of runways. The ring-shaped airfoil aircraft can obtain the lift for aircraft, reduce the drag to aircraft and enhance its flight safety performance.

An aircraft, such as an unmanned aerial vehicle or single-seat aircraft, including a main body and a pair of wing sections, each wing section including a front wing and a rear wing, wherein the front wing and the rear wing each include a first end that is connected to the main body, and a second end, wherein the second end of the front wing is connected to the second end of the rear wing. The main body is located between the pair of wing sections, and each wing section includes a propulsion unit located between the front wing and the rear wing of the wing section. Each propulsion unit may include a first rotor and a second rotor, which may be pivotable with respect to the rest of the aircraft.